These results are
similar to those found in other sustained nurse home visiting studies, 1 14 although the intervention impacted
on a broader range of domains of the home environment for this subgroup of women than has been reported previously.1 An increasing body of evidence from both animal and human studies suggests that stress in pregnancy has significant impacts
on developmental and behavioural
outcomes for
children.29 While the mental development of
children of mothers who were not distressed antenatally in both the intervention and comparison groups was comparable with the general population,
children's development was particularly poor in the distressed subgroup in the absence of the MECSH intervention, suggesting that sustained nurse home visiting may be particularly effective in ameliorating some adverse developmental impacts for
children of mothers with antenatal distress.
By school entry, 43 — 47 % of Aboriginal
children have markers of developmental vulnerability.12, 13 In 2009, the first - ever national census of childhood development at school entry showed that Aboriginal children were 2 — 3 times more likely than non-Aboriginal children to be developmentally vulnerable — defined as an Australian Early Development Census (AEDC) score below the 10th centile — on one or more domains.14 The Longitudinal Survey of Australian Children reported similar disparities for cognitive outcomes among Aboriginal children aged 4 — 5 years, although the number of Aboriginal children was very small and not representative of the Aboriginal population.15 There is currently a dearth of empirical research that identifies the drivers of positive early childhood health and development in Aboriginal children, or characterises vulnerable developmental traje
children have markers of developmental vulnerability.12, 13 In 2009, the first - ever national census of childhood development at school entry showed that Aboriginal
children were 2 — 3 times more likely than non-Aboriginal children to be developmentally vulnerable — defined as an Australian Early Development Census (AEDC) score below the 10th centile — on one or more domains.14 The Longitudinal Survey of Australian Children reported similar disparities for cognitive outcomes among Aboriginal children aged 4 — 5 years, although the number of Aboriginal children was very small and not representative of the Aboriginal population.15 There is currently a dearth of empirical research that identifies the drivers of positive early childhood health and development in Aboriginal children, or characterises vulnerable developmental traje
children were 2 — 3 times more likely than non-Aboriginal
children to be developmentally vulnerable — defined as an Australian Early Development Census (AEDC) score below the 10th centile — on one or more domains.14 The Longitudinal Survey of Australian Children reported similar disparities for cognitive outcomes among Aboriginal children aged 4 — 5 years, although the number of Aboriginal children was very small and not representative of the Aboriginal population.15 There is currently a dearth of empirical research that identifies the drivers of positive early childhood health and development in Aboriginal children, or characterises vulnerable developmental traje
children to be developmentally vulnerable — defined as an Australian Early Development Census (AEDC) score below the 10th centile —
on one or more domains.14 The Longitudinal Survey of Australian
Children reported similar disparities for cognitive outcomes among Aboriginal children aged 4 — 5 years, although the number of Aboriginal children was very small and not representative of the Aboriginal population.15 There is currently a dearth of empirical research that identifies the drivers of positive early childhood health and development in Aboriginal children, or characterises vulnerable developmental traje
Children reported
similar disparities for cognitive
outcomes among Aboriginal
children aged 4 — 5 years, although the number of Aboriginal children was very small and not representative of the Aboriginal population.15 There is currently a dearth of empirical research that identifies the drivers of positive early childhood health and development in Aboriginal children, or characterises vulnerable developmental traje
children aged 4 — 5 years, although the number of Aboriginal
children was very small and not representative of the Aboriginal population.15 There is currently a dearth of empirical research that identifies the drivers of positive early childhood health and development in Aboriginal children, or characterises vulnerable developmental traje
children was very small and not representative of the Aboriginal population.15 There is currently a dearth of empirical research that identifies the drivers of positive early childhood health and development in Aboriginal
children, or characterises vulnerable developmental traje
children, or characterises vulnerable developmental trajectories.
Prior research has established the influence of maternal depression
on the
child's behavioral and emotional health3, 27,28 and its relevance for pediatric practice.29, 30 Several studies have analyzed the independent effects
on children of mothers» and fathers» mental health, but few have examined the more clinically relevant question of how the mental health of parents jointly influences
child outcomes.16, 31,32 The largest study of the joint effects of mothers» and fathers» mental health
on children was a population - based study of twins and their parents.16
Similar to our results, the combination of maternal and paternal depression was associated with the largest increase in
children's depressive symptoms.
Children in same - sex and different - sex married households are relatively similar to each other on health outcomes, as are children in same - sex and different - sex cohabiting hou
Children in same - sex and different - sex married households are relatively
similar to each other
on health
outcomes, as are
children in same - sex and different - sex cohabiting hou
children in same - sex and different - sex cohabiting households.