Small classes have been found to enhance learning to a measurable extent, particularly in the early elementary years (see for example the reports
on Class Size Reduction, < http://www.cde.ca.gov/ls/cs/ >; a research summary Small Class Size Trumps Vouchers In Terms of Results, Costs, and Public Support by American Federation of Teachers at < http://www.aft.org/pdfs/teachers/vouchersvssmallclass0498.pdf >).
Included: The latest research
on class size reduction.
Not exact matches
No individual reform
on the public agenda — neither merit pay,
class size reduction, salary jumps for teachers, nor Race to the Top — can claim or even hope for anything close to that level of impact.
Florida spent billions
on class -
size reduction with no positive impact
on student results.
Finally, the Florida information tells us what happens when a state government tries to bring about
class size reduction on a large scale, whereas the Tennessee experiment was limited to only a fairly small number of schools and to much larger
reductions in
class size.
During the past year or so, the deteriorating condition of state budgets and the Bush administration's new emphasis
on accountability have made
class -
size reduction less of a priority.
Last week's failure of a massive tobacco - settlement bill in the Senate added new urgency to efforts by the Clinton administration and education lobbyists to find money to pay for
class -
size reductions and other programs with funding contingent
on new cigarette taxes.
However, a large body of research literature
on class -
size reduction contradicts the findings from Project STAR.
These results cast doubt
on the desirability of
class -
size reduction in the middle grades as a reform strategy in many countries.
Both Greece and Iceland performed considerably below the international average
on TIMSS, while the countries where
class -
size reduction did not have even a small effect performed above the average.
Reviewing data from Project STAR — a longitudinal research study
on class -
size reduction in Tennessee and the most famous experiment
on the topic — Spyros Konstantopoulos, an assistant professor of education and social policy at Northwestern...
Hanushek and Hoxby seem to stand alone in their findings that
class size reduction has little or no impact
on student academic outcomes — yet they are disproportionately referred to for evidence here in Australia.
While teacher quality (and the quality of teacher preparation) is at the heart of the effectiveness of almost any reform, conflating STR with
class size reduction fails to focus
on the mechanisms thought to be at work in smaller
classes.
The studies range from large - scale assessments (National Assessment of Educational Progress [NAEP] and Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study [TIMSS]-RRB-, to evaluations of specific interventions (
class -
size reduction and vouchers), to commission reports (National Reading Panel, National Commission
on Teaching and America's Future), to data analyses (Education Trust
on teacher quality, Jay Greene
on graduation rates).
Advocates for and against
class -
size reduction have engaged in or been accused of engaging in such cherry picking for as long as there has been research
on this issue (Whitehurst and Chingos 2011, 3).
In his study, Douglas Ready, an assistant professor of education, concludes that the success of
class -
size -
reduction strategies depend largely
on the context in which they are set.
Grissmer's reintroduction of highly selective evidence
on the effects of extra resources and
reductions in
class size provides no more support of his work here than it did in the original RAND report.
If, as in the example above, state and local funds are to support one teacher per 25 students in grades K - 3, the auditor would check that any Title I funds spent
on K - 3 teachers line up dollar for dollar with
reductions below that baseline
class size in Title I schools.
Still, if
class -
size reductions had any effect
on achievement gains between 1998 and 2007, it could only have been toward the end of the period.
After congratulating the nation for working to amass current successes — including financial aid options that have «finally opened the doors of college to all Americans,» state - developed academic standards, the creation of a voluntary national test, technology in the schools, and an emphasis
on class -
size reduction — Clinton outlined his proposal to drive public education into the 21st century.
3) The public thinks less money should be spent
on class -
size reduction relative to the amount spent
on teacher salaries or new books and technologies, if they are told the relative price of each intervention.
He has authored numerous, highly cited studies
on the effects of
class size reduction, high stakes accountability, the assessment of teacher quality, and other education related topics.
The group's executive director, Leonie Haimson, called the situation «unconscionable» and noted how the DOE had repeatedly pledged to «focus
class size reduction planning efforts
on the School Renewal Program.»
As a further point of comparison I provide results from a study [xvii] of Project STAR that examined the impact
on middle school test scores of exposure to
class size reduction in the early grades.
However, most courts that have historically entered into educational policy areas other than funding have discouraged real structural changes, focusing instead
on the continuation of past policies, such as
class size reduction or across - the - board salary increases for teachers, which carry with them increased funding.
If we do, we would conclude that, in general, education expenditures have little effect
on student performance, that increasing teacher pay yields no effect, that the effects of
class -
size reduction depend very much
on the state in which it is implemented, that monies should be set aside so that teachers who say they need them have more materials.
[vii] The SIG grants in California averaged approximately $ 1,500 per pupil, so the program was costly, but the benefits were greater than other popular approaches, such as
class size reduction, even
on a per - dollar basis.
But the total effect
on test scores also increases because the positive effect of adding a day to the school year is always greater than the negative effect of the needed
reduction in
class size.
An article published in the Quarterly Journal of Economics in 2000 by Caroline Huxby
on The Effects of
Class Size on Student Achievement: New Evidence from Population Variation reported that reductions in class size had no effect on student achieve
Class Size on Student Achievement: New Evidence from Population Variation reported that reductions in class size had no effect on student achievem
Size on Student Achievement: New Evidence from Population Variation reported that
reductions in
class size had no effect on student achieve
class size had no effect on student achievem
size had no effect
on student achievement.
A key legislative committee moved Wednesday to soften a cap
on funding of the
Class Size Reduction program tied to a 2008 participation benchmark.
This contrasts with the voluminous research
on class size, which shows that
class size reduction is one of the very few ways to narrow the achievement gap and one of only four reforms cited by the Institute of Education Sciences as proven to work through rigorous evidence.
Harkin's bill allows some funds to be used
on class -
size reduction in early grades, and focuses
on performance of principals.
Currently the funding is used to pay for
reductions in
class size and conventional professional development; neither has been proven to have a significant or sustainable impact
on student achievement.
Some of the biggest axes would fall
on a $ 2.3 billion program for teacher training and
class -
size reduction, and a $ 1.2 billion after - school program, which serves nearly 2 million children, many of them poor.
Class Size Matters: A nonpartisan, nonprofit Clearinghouse for information on the proven benefits of smaller classes advocates for class size reduction in New York City, and the website provides information for all school distr
Class Size Matters: A nonpartisan, nonprofit Clearinghouse for information on the proven benefits of smaller classes advocates for class size reduction in New York City, and the website provides information for all school distri
Size Matters: A nonpartisan, nonprofit Clearinghouse for information
on the proven benefits of smaller
classes advocates for
class size reduction in New York City, and the website provides information for all school distr
class size reduction in New York City, and the website provides information for all school distri
size reduction in New York City, and the website provides information for all school districts.
Also in 1998, Stanford's Caroline Hoxby found that «
reductions in
class size from a base of 15 to 30 students have no effect
on student achievement.»
The state has spent an estimated $ 16 billion
on class -
size reduction thus far.
«Broadly evidence suggests that
class size reduction policies have an uncertain and diminishing effect
on pupil achievement in the long run.»
In his budget proposal for 2017 — 19 biennium, Superintendent of Public Instruction Chris Reykdal underscored the importance of investing in teachers, noting, «Student success from the state's increased investment in full - day kindergarten, K — 3
class size reduction, and other... basic education components depends
on making significant changes in Washington's ability to attract and retain qualified teachers.»
A Descriptive Evaluation of the Federal
Class - Size Reduction Program (2004) presents findings from the 2000 - 01 school year on the distribution and use of federal Class - Size Reduction (CSR) funds, the implementation of CSR, and the effects of CSR on class
Class -
Size Reduction Program (2004) presents findings from the 2000 - 01 school year on the distribution and use of federal Class - Size Reduction (CSR) funds, the implementation of CSR, and the effects of CSR on class s
Size Reduction Program (2004) presents findings from the 2000 - 01 school year
on the distribution and use of federal
Class - Size Reduction (CSR) funds, the implementation of CSR, and the effects of CSR on class
Class -
Size Reduction (CSR) funds, the implementation of CSR, and the effects of CSR on class s
Size Reduction (CSR) funds, the implementation of CSR, and the effects of CSR
on class class sizesize.
As contract negotiations plod along between LA Unified and the teachers union, UTLA, the issue of
class size reduction has taken
on a new urgency for Superintendent Ramon Cortines, who plans to shrink the number of students in middle school and high school classrooms by the end of the year.
Research points to the beneficial effects of smaller
classes on students» academic success, and many states have turned to
class -
size reduction to raise student achievement (U.S. Department of Education, 2000).
Using an instrumental variables approach to control for selection bias, the results suggest an increase in collegiate
class size leads to an increase in dropout rates and a
reduction in
on - time degree completion, but no change in long - run degree completion.
On a side note: It is interesting to note that Brown and Torlakson are on record supporting class size reductions, but Tuck and Kashkari haven't mentioned it at all in any mediu
On a side note: It is interesting to note that Brown and Torlakson are
on record supporting class size reductions, but Tuck and Kashkari haven't mentioned it at all in any mediu
on record supporting
class size reductions, but Tuck and Kashkari haven't mentioned it at all in any medium.
This paper investigates the effects of California's billion - dollar
class size reduction program
on student achievement.
* UPDATED As contract negotiations plod along between LA Unified and the teachers union, UTLA, the issue of
class size reduction has taken
on a new urgency for Superintendent Ramon Cortines, who plans to shrink the number of students in middle school and high school classrooms by the end of the year.
NC's massive school facility needs could overwhelm agreement
on «historic»
class size reductions
In the 2002 - 03 school year, 57 percent of Title II, Part A funds were spent
on class -
size reduction, while only 27 percent of these funds were spent
on professional development.
Both Title I and IDEA also got bumps in funding, and the bill maintains funding for Title II, which focuses
on teacher professional development and
class -
size reduction.
Since that study was published, many have argued that major
reductions in
class size for poor children are likely to have lasting effects
on the children's lives.