What is the impacts
on clouds over the ocean?
Not exact matches
4c) let there be LIGHT (1 - 4 all the first day) 5c) God next creates the heavens (what we call the sky) above (2nd day) 6c) dry land appears as the
oceans form (3rd day) 7c) green plant life appears
on land (3rd day also) 8c) the
cloud cover left
over from the billions of years of rain finally condenses enough that a visible moon and sun can be seen from the earth's surface through the
clouds (4th day) 9c) God creates sea life including fish and birds (5th day) 10c) God creates cattle and beasts (large land animals)(6th day) 11c) God creates man.
Once it was when from the summit of a high mountain I looked
over a gashed and corrugated landscape extending to a long convex of
ocean that ascended to the horizon, and again from the same point when I could see nothing beneath me but a boundless expanse of white
cloud,
on the blown surface of which a few high peaks, including the one I was
on, seemed plunging about as if they were dragging their anchors.
Instead, the team proposes, soot and other particles in the ships» exhaust create large numbers of
cloud droplets that are,
on average, smaller than those forming around natural dust particles in the air elsewhere
over the
ocean.
At least
over the
oceans, the pre-industrial
cloud conditions would have been considerably different from those of today; this implies that the aerosols we have been adding to the atmosphere may have had a significant effect
on global patterns of
cloud formation and rain.
Modeling experiments by Tan and two other scientists focused
on inbetweeners — mixed - phase
clouds, such as undulating stratiform and fluffy stratocumulus
clouds, which are abundant
over the vast Southern
Ocean and around the Northern Hemisphere north of New York.
From its base in Namibia, the Observations of
Clouds above Aerosols and their Interactions (ORACLES) study will use airborne instruments this fall to probe the impact
on climate and rainfall of the interaction between
clouds over the southeastern Atlantic
Ocean and smoke from vegetation burning in southern Africa.
It sits
on the plain like an oil tanker at anchor, and the view from its peak reveals something like an
ocean caught in freeze frame, an undulating, unpopulated vista, unpopulated except for wild horses and the shadows of single
clouds sliding
over the surface like dark slugs.
Sitting
on the balcony of Buccaneers Lodge & Backpackers, I watch the
clouds slowly pulling in
over the high sand dunes and where the river meets the
ocean.
There's limited light pollution out there and as long as an event isn't taking place
on the beach below and limited
cloud coverage, you'll be able to see thousands of stars out
over the
ocean.
A sea breeze, which is caused by the temperature and pressure difference between warm areas inland and the cool air
over the
ocean, often develops
on warm summer days as well, increasing the
on - shore flow pattern and maintaining a constant flow of marine stratus
clouds onto the coastal areas.
The mechanism by which the effect of oceanic variability
over time is transferred to the atmosphere involves evaporation, conduction, convection,
clouds and rainfall the significance of which has to date been almost entirely ignored due to the absence of the necessary data especially as regards the effect of cloudiness changes
on global albedo and thus the amount of solar energy able to enter the
oceans.
Surface and satellite observations disagree
on changes in total and low - level
cloud changes
over the
ocean.
Most interesting is that the about monthly variations correlate with the lunar phases (peak
on full moon) The Helsinki Background measurements 1935 The first background measurements in history; sampling data in vertical profile every 50 - 100m up to 1,5 km; 364 ppm underthe
clouds and above Haldane measurements at the Scottish coast 370 ppmCO2 in winds from the sea; 355 ppm in air from the land Wattenberg measurements in the southern Atlantic
ocean 1925-1927 310 sampling stations along the latitudes of the southern Atlantic oceans and parts of the northern; measuring all oceanographic data and CO2 in air over the sea; high ocean outgassing crossing the warm water currents north (> ~ 360 ppm) Buchs measurements in the northern Atlantic ocean 1932 - 1936 sampling CO2 over sea surface in northern Atlantic Ocean up to the polar circle (Greenland, Iceland, Spitsbergen, Barents Sea); measuring also high CO2 near Spitsbergen (Spitsbergen current, North Cape current) 364 ppm and CO2 over sea crossing the Atlantic from Kopenhagen to Newyork and back (Brements on a swedish island Lundegards CO2 sampling on swedish island (Kattegatt) in summer from 1920 - 1926; rising CO2 concentration (+7 ppm) in the 20s; ~ 328 ppm yearly av
ocean 1925-1927 310 sampling stations along the latitudes of the southern Atlantic
oceans and parts of the northern; measuring all oceanographic data and CO2 in air
over the sea; high
ocean outgassing crossing the warm water currents north (> ~ 360 ppm) Buchs measurements in the northern Atlantic ocean 1932 - 1936 sampling CO2 over sea surface in northern Atlantic Ocean up to the polar circle (Greenland, Iceland, Spitsbergen, Barents Sea); measuring also high CO2 near Spitsbergen (Spitsbergen current, North Cape current) 364 ppm and CO2 over sea crossing the Atlantic from Kopenhagen to Newyork and back (Brements on a swedish island Lundegards CO2 sampling on swedish island (Kattegatt) in summer from 1920 - 1926; rising CO2 concentration (+7 ppm) in the 20s; ~ 328 ppm yearly av
ocean outgassing crossing the warm water currents north (> ~ 360 ppm) Buchs measurements in the northern Atlantic
ocean 1932 - 1936 sampling CO2 over sea surface in northern Atlantic Ocean up to the polar circle (Greenland, Iceland, Spitsbergen, Barents Sea); measuring also high CO2 near Spitsbergen (Spitsbergen current, North Cape current) 364 ppm and CO2 over sea crossing the Atlantic from Kopenhagen to Newyork and back (Brements on a swedish island Lundegards CO2 sampling on swedish island (Kattegatt) in summer from 1920 - 1926; rising CO2 concentration (+7 ppm) in the 20s; ~ 328 ppm yearly av
ocean 1932 - 1936 sampling CO2
over sea surface in northern Atlantic
Ocean up to the polar circle (Greenland, Iceland, Spitsbergen, Barents Sea); measuring also high CO2 near Spitsbergen (Spitsbergen current, North Cape current) 364 ppm and CO2 over sea crossing the Atlantic from Kopenhagen to Newyork and back (Brements on a swedish island Lundegards CO2 sampling on swedish island (Kattegatt) in summer from 1920 - 1926; rising CO2 concentration (+7 ppm) in the 20s; ~ 328 ppm yearly av
Ocean up to the polar circle (Greenland, Iceland, Spitsbergen, Barents Sea); measuring also high CO2 near Spitsbergen (Spitsbergen current, North Cape current) 364 ppm and CO2
over sea crossing the Atlantic from Kopenhagen to Newyork and back (Brements
on a swedish island Lundegards CO2 sampling
on swedish island (Kattegatt) in summer from 1920 - 1926; rising CO2 concentration (+7 ppm) in the 20s; ~ 328 ppm yearly average
The main difference between H2O and CO2 (apart from the numerical differences of their specific physical properites such as degree of freedom, thermal capacity, physical mass, etc) in terms of their effects
on the atmosphere is that water is capable of condensing into liquid to form
clouds and readily and rapidly moves between surface and atmosphere, daily, seasonally, annually and
on even greater time scales, but CO2 does not liquify in the biosphere and transfers
over mostly long time periods between surface (primarily
oceans, seas, etc) and the atmosphere.
A five - year investigation, ORACLES is examining the impact aerosols from biomass burning in southern Africa has
on climate as it mixes with
clouds over the southeast Atlantic
Ocean.
The SeaWinds instrument
on the QuikSCAT satellite is a specialized microwave radar that measures near - surface wind speed and direction under all weather and
cloud conditions
over Earth's
oceans.
Although we focus
on a hypothesized CR -
cloud connection, we note that it is difficult to separate changes in the CR flux from accompanying variations in solar irradiance and the solar wind, for which numerous causal links to climate have also been proposed, including: the influence of UV spectral irradiance
on stratospheric heating and dynamic stratosphere - troposphere links (Haigh 1996); UV irradiance and radiative damage to phytoplankton influencing the release of volatile precursor compounds which form sulphate aerosols
over ocean environments (Kniveton et al. 2003); an amplification of total solar irradiance (TSI) variations by the addition of energy in
cloud - free regions enhancing tropospheric circulation features (Meehl et al. 2008; Roy & Haigh 2010); numerous solar - related influences (including solar wind inputs) to the properties of the global electric circuit (GEC) and associated microphysical
cloud changes (Tinsley 2008).
Having made that point it becomes necessary to deal with the matter of cloudiness and it's effects because the passing
over of a
cloud with the consequence of a warmed
ocean skin layer is put forward (by Realclimate amongst others) as a «confirmation» of the effect of DLR
on the skin layer because
clouds transmit more DLR downward just as GHGs do.
During this time she focused in particular
on low - lying
clouds over the
oceans, where she quantified and evaluated the impact of ship emissions
on clouds.
By warming the upper
ocean (agrees with observations) and reducing low
cloud cover (unclear from observations: ISCCP data are routinely
over - interpreted / downright misrepresented
on this point).
-- That a reduction
on cloud cover
over this period resulted in 2.3 Wm - 2 added warming of the Earth's surface — That most of this occurred
over land, the northern hemisphere and
over the North Atlantic
Ocean (including Greenland).
Brient Alb is based
on the correlation in CMIP5 models between ECS, and the relationship of shortwave (SW) reflection by low
clouds over tropical
oceans (TLC) with SST.
Dissolved CO2 being removed from the
ocean, and
clouds formed
over the
ocean,
on our time scale, looks to be mostly biology.
NASA tells us that the shockingly visible and very extensive «tracks» (or trails) being witnessed
on satellite imagery
over oceans (like the ones shown below) are ALL the result of pollution being produced by ships, which is in turn creating «
clouds».