Not exact matches
There are worrying social impacts downstream as a result of these factors: a lowered marriage rate, more adult children
cohabiting with their
parents, a reduction in the birthrate, and young people holding off
on major life events such as starting relationships or home ownership.
In some ways, single
parents are poised to raise kids exactly right — they're able to get their emotional and sexual needs met outside of a romantic love - based co-
parenting situation, and often outside of a
cohabiting situation, while also focusing
on caring for their kids (not unlike the
parenting marriage we propose in The New I Do: Reshaping Marriage for Skeptics, Realists and Rebels).
Yes, according to Merle Weiner, a law professor at the University of Oregon, who proposes that rather than focus
on marriage, the state should create a
parent - partner status that would legally bind
parents — married,
cohabiting, living apart, romantic partners or not — with certain mandatory obligations in order to give their children what they need to thrive.
Nearly a quarter of couples who are
cohabiting when they have children will actually go
on to get married within five years of becoming
parents, according to an analysis by the Institute for Fiscal Studies which is oddly little cited by the family breakdown lobby.
Mothers also tend to take
on more household chores and responsibilities; 41 % of married or
cohabiting parents say this is the case in their households, compared with just 8 % who say the father does more.
On the economic front, kids in
cohabiting households tend to do better than kids in a single
parent house, in part because they have access to two adults who can bring an income or resources into the home.
All of this is, of course, at a time when cohabitation is
on the increase and the number of children born to
cohabiting parents is rocketing.
Shannon Cavanagh and Aletha C. Huston, «Family Instability and Children's Early Problem Behavior,» Social Forces 85, no. 1 (2006): 551 — 81; Cynthia Osborne, Wendy D. Manning, and Pamela J. Smock, «Married and
Cohabiting Parents» Relationship Instability: A Focus
on Race and Ethnicity,» Journal of Marriage and Family 69, no. 5 (2007): 1345 — 66; Osborne and McLanahan, «Partnership Instability and Child Well - Being» (see note 23).
E. Mark Cummings and Patrick T. Davies, «Effects of Marital Conflict
on Children: Recent Advances and Emerging Themes in Process - Oriented Research,» Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 43 (2002): 31 — 63; James L. Peterson and Nicholas Zill, «Marital Disruption,
Parent - Child Relationship, and Behavioral Problems in Children,» Journal of Marriage and the Family 48 (1986): 295 — 307; Osborne, McLanahan, and Brooks - Gunn, «Young Children's Behavioral Problems in Married and
Cohabiting Families» (see note 9).
Cohabiting mothers might also be expected to have poorer
parenting skills than married mothers, but are likely to have better
parenting skills
on average than single mothers do.
Single mothers report more depression and psychological problems than married mothers and undoubtedly function less well as
parents as a result.9
Cohabiting mothers have also been found to suffer more from depression than married mothers, which again would directly interfere with their ability to display good
parenting skills.10 It is important to note that these differences may be the result of these mothers» living situation or may reflect pre-existing differences between the types of women who have children out of wedlock rather than in marriage (as we discuss in the section
on selection below).11
And given that recent cohorts of children born to single and
cohabiting parents are relatively young, an additional complication involves comparing outcomes across studies (that is, analysts can not yet estimate effects of family structure
on adolescent and adult outcomes for cohorts such as FFCWS).
Formal support arrangements (i.e. child support orders) are most common among
parents with no romantic relationship, whereas the vast majority of
parents who are
cohabiting or dating rely
on informal support arrangements.
Cynthia Osborne, Wendy Manning, and Pamela Smock, «Married and
Cohabiting Parents» Relationship Stability: A Focus
on Race and Ethnicity,» Journal of Marriage and Family 69 (2007): 1345 — 66; Cynthia Osborne and Sara S. McLanahan, «Partnership Instability and Child Wellbeing,» Journal of Marriage and Family 69 (2007): 1065 — 83.
Building
on findings that the Minnesota Family Investment Program (MFIP) resulted in higher rates of marital stability among two -
parent recipient families who participated in this initiative that provided financial incentives to welfare recipients who worked, this report documents MFIP's long - term effects
on marriage and divorce among participants in the program's sample of nearly 2,500 two -
parent families who were married or
cohabiting at study entry.
A study found married
parents devote more of their financial resources to childrearing and education than do
cohabiting parents, whereas
cohabiting parents spent a larger percentage of their income
on alcohol and tobacco.
Yet sociological data indicate, the report notes, that children born to a single
parent or
cohabiting couples
on average suffer emotionally, academically and financially in comparison to their peers in homes where the mother and father are married to each other.
The cohabitants were also more than three times more likely than married
parents to move
on to a
cohabiting or marital relationship with a new partner if their relationship did break up.9 Researchers paint a sorry picture of the effect these disruptions have; children suffer emotionally, academically, and financially when they are thrown onto this kind of relationship carousel.10
Cohabiting couples who have a child in their twenties and then break up — and that's almost two - fifths of them in the first five years — often also go
on to have another partner or partners.44 One study of young urban
parents based
on data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study found that for 59 percent of unmarried couples with a baby, at least one partner already had a child from a previous relationship.