Sentences with phrase «on emission factors»

Therefore, no data correction was warranted to account for the small effect that coal cleaning had on emission factors.

We determined emission factors for open burning of straw of rice, wheat, and barley, as well as rice husks, and we incorporated the effects of moisture content on the emission factors for the...

This paper presents a review of existing literature on emission factors, emission data collection techniques, and analytic approaches; presents the results of SAIC's analysis of available CO2 and CH4 GHG emission data from chassis dynamometer tests of heavy - duty vehicle exhaust; and provides suggestions for further reducing this uncertainty.

The study showed reliance on emission factors alone is a bad idea, Cohan says.

Progress on emission factors will hinge on «available resources,» the EPA spokeswoman wrote in an e-mail, declining to specify a deadline for the project.

«That foundation is buried to such an extent that it's not often appreciated,» says David Mobley, who worked on emission factors in the 1990s.

Not exact matches

Coal remains cheaper, but when you factor in the reduced capital cost (gas plants cost between a quarter and a third what coal plants of equivalent output do), the life - cycle costs point to gas, even in the absence of a price on carbon emissions.

The UK will be the deciding factor in an EU debate on carbon dioxide emissions standards for new cars tomorrow, with green groups calling on the government to hold firm.

Concentrations of grass pollen are influenced by many factors, the most important being the weather and the emissions, which again depends on the grass species.

For those countries, Ummel said, emissions information is based on both back - channel information gathering and modeling to predict the amount a particular plant would likely emit based on its size and other factors like the type of coal it uses.

And then you look at a place like China, which is just now — despite it's phenomenal growth in recent decades at 9 or 10 percent per year — is just now reaching about the per capita world average on all those factors, energy consumption, wealth and CO2 emissions, and they clearly want to do more.

Because these electromagnetic emissions are on the order of an electron volt, and they probably come from a single molecule, or atom, or electron, we can now say that the energy concentration is now on the order of one electron volt per molecule — an increase of a factor of 1011 or so.

But this outcome is not a given and depends on a variety of factors that can impact black carbon emissions such as engine design, fuel composition and geographic location.

The U.S. General Accounting Office — now the Government Accountability Office — reported in 2001 that polluters rely on the estimates even though «facilities» actual emissions can, and do, vary substantially from the published factors.»

«Consumers often equate more dependence on pasture with environmentally friendly farming, but this study demonstrated that low milk production per cow is a major factor associated with high GHG emission.

When the EPA asked in a 2009 Federal Register notice for suggestions on how to improve the system, companies from electric power generators to auto manufacturers argued for the status quo, saying emission factors were sometimes their only data option.

About a third of the factors used to estimate pipeline leaks and other natural gas emissions in the most recent inventory, for 2015, are based on a 1996 study by the EPA and an industry group then known as the Gas Research Institute.

Factors such as dairy cow breed and nonproduction variables may also have an effect on GHG emissions on organic dairy farms.

To construct the estimates, the researchers used data on locomotive diesel consumption, pipeline pumping station electricity consumption, locomotive and power plant emission factors and the AP2 integrated assessment model, which maps county level emissions to costs for counties affected by the emissions.

However, emission factors for Chinese coal were on average 40 per cent lower than the default levels recommended by the IPCC.

Some prior research has suggested that carbon dioxide emissions from all lakes on Earth are less than what was found in the Arctic, and future factors could shift the importance of sunlight, noted Lars Tranvik, a Swedish scientist, in an accompanying Science article.

The team was able to derive new emissions factors based on data from Chinese government programs that analyzed nearly 5000 coal samples taken throughout the country.

A 2012 University of British Columbia study focusing on the climate benefits of bike sharing in Vancouver says numerous factors play into how effective a bike - share system is at reducing emissions.

National emissions to air are mainly estimated from existing statistics on activity level and emission factors (emission per unit activity).

The emission factors are usually based on measured values, national or international.

Here, f (λex) is the absorption factor at the excitation wavelength λex, F the integral emission intensity, i.e., the area under the blank and spectrally corrected emission spectrum on a wavelength scale, and n the refractive index of the solvent (s) used.

A limit of approximately 500 GtC on cumulative fossil fuel emissions, accompanied by a net storage of 100 GtC in the biosphere and soil, could keep global temperature close to the Holocene range, assuming that the net future forcing change from other factors is small.

Changes in a variety of other factors such as operating procedures, aircraft routing, and load factors can also have significant impacts on greenhouse gas emissions per passenger mile.

The study used the utility factor (since in pure EV mode there are no tailpipe emissions) and the EPA best estimate of the CO2 tailpipe emissions produced by these vehicles in real world city and highway operation based on the EPA 5 - cycle label methodology, using a weighted 55 % city / 45 % highway driving.

Toward those ends, Honda also focuses on factors like reducing carbon emissions, to help address global climate change.

For instance, a person seeking to buy a used car might focus all her attention on the odometer reading or the year the car was built while ignoring other important factors (emissions testing, maintenance records, engine soundness, etc.).

But the finding does imply that anyone who expects a flattening or shrinking of populations in the world's richest countries will blunt their impact on the environment through greenhouse - gas emissions or other factors is bound to be disappointed, he said.

Or will authorities finally beging to plan where homes and buildings are, tighten up on fuel and emissions regulations, and do all the things that make peoplpe more healthy AND, oh yes, also mean that factor of two or three lower carbon intensity?

It reduce the emissions from transport by a factor of ten or more compared with electric cars on renewable energy and a factor of at least forty compared with modern cars traditional and hybrid ICE cars.

In recent days agency officials have noted that other factors besides economic recovery are likely to amplify the challenge of reining in emissions, among them a retreat on nuclear power in the wake of the ongoing crisis at Japan's damaged Fukushima Daiichi reactor complex.

The E.P.A. and EDGAR use a bottom - up approach, calculating total emissions based on «emissions factors» — the amount of methane typically released per cow or per unit of coal or natural gas sold, for example.

Sensitivity analysis shows that future fire potential depends on many factors such as climate model and emission scenario used for climate change projection.

There are a number of factors that control CH4 concentrations that are extermely poorly understood and are mostly ignored in the scenarios — the dependence on other gases (such as O3, and CO), the impact of increased temperatures and changes to precip on tropical and boreal wetland emissions, the existence (or not) of a significant methane hydrate source from permafrost or continental shelves, the climate impact on the atmopsheric chemistry of CH4.

They also challenged the claim that «Reduced CO2 gas emissions; No transportation needed, fur animals are born, raised and die on the farm» was misleading because it did not take into account other transportation factors such as delivering food to the farm and the transportation of pelts.

We are not ready to go on the record with the results — the comparison shows no substantive differences between to - down and bottom up measurements — which means the underlying emissions factors can't be too far off.

This report, «Climate Stabilization Targets: Emissions, Concentrations, and Impacts Over Decades to Millennia,» provides a fresh degree - by - degree guide to impacts on river flows, rainfall, coasts and other factors that matter enormously over the next few decades as human populations crest.

Let's err on the side of flamboyance (great word in this context) and say the concentration of methane in the air goes up by a factor of 10 for the duration of the extra methane emission (meaning that the lifetime doubles).

Current attempts by national governments worldwide to control industrial CO2 emissions following the recommendations of the IPCC could be viewed within the scientific paradigm as the projection of a large scale experiment on the earth's climate system to validate the hypothesis that anthropogenic CO2 emissions through the burning of fossil fuels and land use changes (inter alia) are a major factor driving climate change.

The number of ERCs each NGCC can produce is based on a complex combination of factors, including how much better the NGCC unit's emission rate is compared to the national fossil steam emission performance rate, the distribution of the total possible incremental generation across all NGCC units, and the total net energy output from the NGCC unit in the year for which ERCs are being calculated.

If you factor in imports, our emissions on a consumption basis went up 19 percent in the same period.

«Combined with a literature review, the results showed that high N2O emissions from peat decomposition in the tropics tend to be common; which is in contrast with most recent IPCC [Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change] emission factors,» she says.

The American Lung Association recognizes that many factors have contributed to the disproportionate levels of exposure in these communities, including missing or weak limits on emissions, poor enforcement of existing regulations, inadequate monitoring of pollutants and limited scientific research.

It also depends on other factors like emissions / concentrations and e.g. carbon cycle feedback.

Important elements in this respect are the determination of the cap on emissions in the Directive well in advance of the start of the trading period, a linear reduction factor for the cap on emissions which continues to apply also beyond 2020 and the extension of the trading period from 5 to 8 years.

While the greenhouse gas footprint of the production of other foods, compared to sources such as livestock, is highly dependent on a number of factors, production of livestock currently accounts for about 30 % of the U.S. total emissions of methane.316, 320,325,326 This amount of methane can be reduced somewhat by recovery methods such as the use of biogas digesters, but future changes in dietary practices, including those motivated by considerations other than climate change mitigation, could also have an effect on the amount of methane emitted to the atmosphere.327