Sentences with phrase «on equilibrium conditions»

As the CO3 — concentration is maintained close to the earlier level even more carbon goes into HCO3 - ions based on the equilibrium conditions of (2).

The calculations I have seen that might «constrain» the size of this effecct are based on equilibrium conditions, which I think are unlikely to be very accurate when applied to a system in which each surface region warms and cools every day, and which has rainstorms over large regions, and which never achieves equilibrium.

Not exact matches

For instance, for Canada and the U.S., we believe that the equilibrium interest rate in these conditions is on the order of 3 per cent, like a range of 2.5 per cent to 3.5 per cent, so much lower than what we used to think of as a normal, steady, straight interest rate.

Inside the cell on board Mir, conditions were changing so fast that they left equilibrium behind.

These cells can be isolated based on the expression of an amplified Hex Venus transgene and SSEA - 1 (V+S +) and exist under ES cell conditions in a steady - state equilibrium with at least one other more ICM - like cell state, V − S +.

(Note that this is supposed to concern the effect of adding (more) CO2 to a preexisting equilibrium condition, so the effect of the non-CO2 absorber (with spectral overlap with CO2 within the layer) on temperature is not the issue.

If so, at least over the temperature and climatological conditions we are now facing, working this out quantitatively would stand «transient / equilibrium responses» or «fast / slow feedbacks» ruminations on their head.

Miskolczi instead claims he has shown that the discontinuity is the result of ignoring the lower boundary condition, and in fact the ground is on average in thermal radiative equilibrium with the air in contact with it.

As the system approaches equilibrium, entropy would become constant at the steady state value for the condition of the system., which would be maximum entropy or minimum depending on your point of view.

There are no strict controls and the earth continues on its new trajectory, which is not an equilibrium condition and has no way to get back to its original state.

The section where Gibbs discusses this problem is titled, «The Conditions of Equilibrium for Heterogeneous Masses under the Influence of Gravity,» with the most relevant discussion given on pages 144 and 145.

The conditions for mechanical equilibrium doesn't depend on whether the gases are ideal or not, although for an ideal gas, the density depends on the temperature so that there are an infinite number of ways one can stack up the gas with a thermal gradient that are all still in mechanical equilibrium.

Robert Brown: «Bear in mind that IMO it is borderline silly to do stat mech on an atmosphere in the first place — it is only useful to answer «formal» questions like those addressed in Velasco like «what is true thermal equilibrium given thus and such conditions» and even there the computations are enormously difficult and require a variety of basically inconsistent or non-ergodic assumptions to be made.»

Radiative Transfer Physics does not depend entirely on the simple absorbtivity of CO2, which by the way is effectively permanent in air when added by burning fossil fuels, compared to water which saturates and precipitates out depending on climate conditions, such as warming due the GHE, as a marginal shift in the dynamic equilibrium through feedbacks.

«The Earth's climate system is highly nonlinear: inputs and outputs are not proportional, change is often episodic and abrupt, rather than slow and gradual, and multiple equilibria are the norm... there is a relatively poor understanding of the different types of nonlinearities, how they manifest under various conditions, and whether they reflect a climate system driven by astronomical forcings, by internal feedbacks, or by a combination of both... [We] suggest a robust alternative to prediction that is based on using integrated assessments within the framework of vulnerability studies... It is imperative that the Earth's climate system research community embraces this nonlinear paradigm if we are to move forward in the assessment of the human influence on climate.»

But it demonstrates how changed equilibrium conditions could have had the observed recent effect on atmospheric CO2 concentration whether or not there was a change in temperature and whether or not the anthropogenic CO2 emission existed.

Re 416 Bernd Herd — in climate science, for global climate change, specifically a global (average surface) temperature change in response to a global (typically average net tropopause - level after stratospheric adjustment) radiative forcing (or other heat source — although on Earth those tend not to be so big), where the radiative forcing may be in units of W / m ^ 2, so that equilibrium climate sensitivity is in K * m ^ 2 / W (it is often expressed as K / doubling CO2 as doubling CO2 has a certain amount of radiative forcing for given conditions).