Sentences with phrase «on gene function»

These methods can identify the genomic locations and density of transposon insertions in saturated transposon mutant libraries and can be used to make inferences on gene function.

After decades of extrapolating about gene function in trees based on gene function in a tiny, less complex plant, a team of scientists has sequenced whole genomes — determined the DNA sequence of all the genes — from 544 unrelated trees of the same species.

Most mutations are neutral, having no effect on gene function; others are harmful, such as the ones that cause inherited diseases like cystic fibrosis.

Phevor works by using algorithms that combine the probabilities of gene mutations being involved in a disease with databases of phenotypes, or the physical manifestation of a disease, and information on gene functions.

Not exact matches

The advance is based on a technique that allows scientists to narrow in on a specific gene and cut - and - paste bits of DNA to change its function, known as CRISPR - Cas9.

This team also discovered 3,200 genes that had fewer loss - of - function or missense mutations than would be expected suggesting that these are likely disease - causing variants that are rare or absent in the population because of their detrimental effect on human health.

Our genome is nearly identical to the chimpanzee genome, a little less identical to the gorilla genome, a little less identical to the orangutan genome, and so on — and this correspondence is present in ways that are not needed for function (such as the location of shared genetic defects, the order of genes on chromosomes, and on and on).

Using gene - sequencing technology, researchers established that the precise segment of the pup's DNA «switched on» by the act of grooming was the part that controlled the future function of the hippocampus, which processes stress hormones.

A gene on the Y chromosome becomes active late in the sixth week, functioning for only a few days to tell the embryo to become a boy.

These proteins constantly move along the strands of our DNA, turning specific genes on and off to make sure cells function as expected.

Biological form and function is created from and is passed on to the next generation by genes, which are the primary units of inheritance.

After determining the proper dosage of tamoxifen — an early trial resulted in a number of mouse deaths due to overactivation of Mecp2 — researchers settled on a four - week regimen of ramping up the gene's function.

Epigenetic tags help tell genes — stretches of DNA that act as biological instruction manuals — when to switch «on» and «off,» ultimately determining cell type and function.

When similar analysis was performed on the db mice, it was found that the disrupted db gene was responsible for encoding a protein that functions as a leptin receptor: When it binds circulating leptin at the cell surface, it sets in motion a biochemical cascade inside the cell.

When a new gene arises on the X chromosome (males have one X chromosome and females two) it is likely to cease functioning much faster than genes that arise on other chromosomes.

The mutation is on the X chromosome so female children with two X chromosomes should have at least one functioning copy of the gene.

«CRISPR - on is a tool that will be very useful for studying many biological processes, particularly for studying gene functions and gene networks,» says Whitehead Founding Member Rudolf Jaenisch.

Representatives from both the scientific and legal communities expressed outrage that patent rights to genes could be awarded on the basis of work that provided no insight into how the gene might function.

The most famous is the gene ontology, in which categories are assigned to genes based on their cellular location, molecular function, and biological process.

«This is first gene to have completely different functions depending on which parent it came from»

FOR the first time, an imprinted gene has been shown to have different functions depending on whether it is inherited from the mother or father.

To determine the effect of mutations that reduce TET2 function in abnormal stem cells, the research team genetically engineered mice such that the scientists could switch the TET2 gene on or off.

Dr Antonio Pardiñas, first author of the study, said: «We show for the first time that genetic variants that do not severely impact gene function, but presumably have a more subtle impact on these critical genes, increase risk for developing schizophrenia.»

A decade of post-genomic biology has also focused new attention on the regions outside protein - coding genes, many of which are likely to have key functions, through regulating the expression of protein - coding genes and by making a slew of non-coding RNA molecules.

The article published on the journal Molecular Biology and Evolution provides the framework for posing new hypotheses on the phylogenetic relations among poriferans, determining gene function in sponges and the early evolution of molecular complexity in metazoans.

For his part, Collins, who has led NIH since 2009 and been kept on by the Trump administration, pointed to an array of promising NIH activities, including the development of new technologies to provide insights into human brain circuitry and function through the Brain Research through Advancing Innovative Neuroethologies (BRAIN initiative) and the use of the gene - editing tool CRISPR - Cas9 to correct mutations and clear the way to develop and test a «curative therapy» for the first molecular disease: sickle cell disease.

The two genes implicated — GNAQ and GNA11 — code for proteins (known as G proteins) that normally function as molecular on - off switches, regulating the passage of information from the outside to the inside of a cell.

The institute will combine under one roof the various kinds of expertise needed to perform studies of gene function on a large scale.

Potentially explaining why even healthy brains don't function well with age, Salk researchers have discovered that genes that are switched on early in brain development to sever connections between neurons as the brain fine - tunes, are again activated in aging neuronal support cells called astrocytes.

Monsanto's newest drought - tolerant product, Drought Guard, relies on a gene that creates a chaperone protein to coat a plant's RNA during stressful conditions and maintain the plant's normal cell functions, while Syngenta's hybrid contains novel drought - tolerant gene combinations.

«The power of this study is that we looked at genes discovered to be over-expressed in patients» tumors and determined their function in kidney cancer, which has not been done on a large scale before,» he says.

They identified previously unknown recurrent loss - of - function mutations that target genes regulating epigenetic pathways — ones that act on how tightly or loosely chromosomes are wound and thus accessible for genes to be expressed.

Another doubled - up region contains enhancers that turn on some genes in the cerebellum, a part of the brain that coordinates movement, speech and performs other important functions.

IMPC builds on the groundwork and achievements of EUMODIC in establishing the procedures and processes to identify and catalogue the function of genes.

Our life experiences exert a profound influence on how we age and can even alter the ways genes function without changing the underlying DNA sequence; these genetic changes are called epigenetic traits.

Traditionally, gene function was determined one gene at a time, but today's microarray technology enables scientists to monitor the expression of tens of thousands of genes on a single glass slide.

Computer aided modeling of how the Bcl3 gene functions inside the cell allowed the group to identify a pocket on the surface of Bcl3 essential for its function.

The function of these genes were involved in molecular maintenance strategies, such as DNA repair, chromosomal maintenance, immune response and programmed cell death The authors argue that the «slower rate of change in these functions is consistent with increased constraint on somatic cell maintenance as would be required in these relatively long - lived and large - bodied mammals, illustrated by the additional large and long - lived species with slower rates in these genes (e.g. double - strand break repair gene XRCC4 is also highly constrained in elephant.»

If we knew what those functions were, then maybe we'd have a better way of manipulating these cells, so I'd be keen on performing some experiments to explore what these other genes do.

Matches between new genes from other species, including mammals, and these E. coli sequences have often helped researchers pin a name and function on their discoveries.

Building on this concept, Sushant Patkar of the University of Maryland and colleagues hypothesized that alterations in protein interaction networks in breast cancer cells may change the function of individual genes.

«We knew that Smchd1 was an epigenetic suppressor — a factor that switches off genes that are unnecessary for that particular cells» function — but we were in the dark about where and how it was acting on the DNA.»

In the first study to show that the sensations from sampled alcohol vary as a function of genetics, researchers focused on three chemosensory genes — two bitter - taste receptor genes known as TAS2R13 and TAS2R38 and a burn receptor gene, TRPV1.

Previous research has shown that a protein produced by a single gene can potentially have different functions in a cell depending on the proteins with which it interacts.

HDAC3 functions on the epigenome, the molecular component of the cell nucleus that specifies which genes are expressed — and just as importantly, which ones are not — in different cells of the body.

The body relies on cells to process and store energy, and changes in genes that regulate these functions can cause an imbalance that leads to excessive energy storage and weight gain.

Some duplicated genes were lost over time but others took on new functions, including contributions to the development of floral organs.

Named after the IBM Blue Gene supercomputer it relies on, the Blue Brain Project has started modelling — in every detail — the cellular infrastructure and electrophysiological interactions within the cerebral neocortex, which represents about 80 % of the brain and is believed to house cognitive functions such as language and conscious thought.

«First trial of gene therapy for cystic fibrosis to show beneficial effect on lung function.»

The light - activated genetic switch could be used to turn genes on and off in gene therapies; to turn off gene expression in future cancer therapies; and to help track and understand gene function in specific locations in the human body.