Sentences with phrase «on glacier surfaces»

Isostatic rebound in response to glacier retreat (unloading), increase in local salinity (i.e., δ18Osw), have been attributed to increased volcanic activity at the onset of Bølling — Allerød, are associated with the interval of intense volcanic activity, hinting at a interaction between climate and volcanism - enhanced short - term melting of glaciers, possibly via albedo changes from particle fallout on glacier surfaces.

«Our timing was serendipitous, as it meant we were able to see changes in microbial processes over an extremely fast melting season and observe a process from start to end across all habitats on a glacier surface.

Bacteria and other microbes that fell on the glacier surface would have spent a million years being carried downward as more snow fell above them before they eventually plopped into the lakes.

In 1958, a Russian airplane navigator named Robinson was making his landing approach at the newly opened Vostok research station when he noticed a large, flat, oval depression «with gentle shores» on the glacier surface.

Supraglacial streams, which melted following increased albedos as a result of accumulations of wind - blown sand on the glacier surface, rework proglacial sediments, including the debris apron.

But as the snow melts in the spring and summer the black soot concentrations on the glacier surface increase, because the soot particles do not escape in the melt water as efficiently as the water itself.

Identify some feature on the glacier surface that is easy to see, such as a boulder, a particular crevasse, whatever.

Not exact matches

Located approximately 16 to 2,300 feet below the glacier, the five ocean sensors are connected to a weather station at the surface, creating the first cabled observatory on a floating, moving, and rapidly melting Greenland glacier.

The analysis is based on the fact that as the world warmed following the coldest part of the last ice age 20,000 years ago, the ice deep inside the Antarctic glaciers warmed more slowly than Earth's surface, just as a frozen turkey put into a hot oven will still be cold inside even after the surface has reached oven temperature.

This allowed them to calculate the redistribution of mass on Earth's surface due to the melting of the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets and mountain glaciers, and model the shift in Earth's axis.

This expedition landed on the southwestern confines of the Ross Sea, and, by its explorations, showed that the great ice barrier is in reality the front of an enormous ice field or glacier, mainly floating on the surface of an extended bay or sea, and fed by glaciers coming down from the elevated land on the westerly side and probably also on the eastern.

The first ecological study of an entire glacier has found that microbes drastically reduce surface reflectivity and have a non-negligible impact on the amount of sunlight that is reflected into space.

The glaciers that carved Yosemite Valley left highly polished surfaces on many of the region's rock formations.

The data allowed them to calculate the redistribution of mass on Earth's surface due to the melting of the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets and mountain glaciers, and the resulting rise in sea level.

«If ice caps and glaciers were to continue to crack and break into pieces, [the amount of] their surface area that is exposed to air would be significantly increased, which could lead to accelerated melting and much - reduced coverage area on the Earth,» Buehler said in a statement.

By tracking changes in crevasses on the glaciers» surfaces, they calculated the speed at which the ice slabs were moving.

One study in 2011 using aerial photographs concluded that many of the glaciers in Wind River lost on average 38 percent of their surface area over the latter half of the 20th century.

On the other hand, if the ice shell is sufficiently thick, the less intense interior heat can be transferred to warmer ice at the bottom of the shell, with additional heat generated by tidal flexing of the warmer ice which can slowly rise and flow as do glaciers do on Earth; this slow but steady motion may also disrupt the extremely cold, brittle ice at the surface to produce the chaos regionOn the other hand, if the ice shell is sufficiently thick, the less intense interior heat can be transferred to warmer ice at the bottom of the shell, with additional heat generated by tidal flexing of the warmer ice which can slowly rise and flow as do glaciers do on Earth; this slow but steady motion may also disrupt the extremely cold, brittle ice at the surface to produce the chaos regionon Earth; this slow but steady motion may also disrupt the extremely cold, brittle ice at the surface to produce the chaos regions.

«At the same time as the surface is cooling, the deeper ocean is warming, which has already accelerated the decline of glaciers on Pine Island and Totten.

In hydrofracturing — the process implicated in the infamous break - up of the Larsen B ice shelf in 2002 — rainfall or meltwater that pools on the glacier's surface drains into cracks.

As a general matter, yes, but AIUI the increasing height (depth) of the ice face is the key factor for accelerating retreat of these glaciers since it creates more surface area for the warm water to work on.

Supraglacial (surface) water on a glacier is formed by the ice melting during the summer.

Unlike the great ice sheet of Antarctica, the Greenland ice sheet is melting both on its surface and also at outlet glaciers that drain the ice sheet's mass through deep fjords, where these glaciers extend out into the ocean and often terminate in dynamic calving fronts, giving up gigaton - sized icebergs at times.

Soil and rocks on the Earth's surface reveal the advance and retreat of glaciers over the land surface, and fossilized pollen traces out rough boundaries of where the climate conditions were right for different species of plants and trees to live.

REVIEW: Water Science for Schools examines a wealth of water topics such as water properties, how much water is there on earth and where, how water quality and stream flow are measured, the water and water - use cycles, national maps showing how water is used by state, surface and ground water, pesticides in ground water, aquifers, and glaciers and icecaps.

Other stories take place in more familiar Munro territory, the towns and countryside around Lake Huron, where the past shows through the present like the traces of a glacier on the landscape and strong emotions stir just beneath the surface of ordinary comings and goings.

Other factors would include: — albedo shifts (both from ice > water, and from increased biological activity, and from edge melt revealing more land, and from more old dust coming to the surface...); — direct effect of CO2 on ice (the former weakens the latter); — increasing, and increasingly warm, rain fall on ice; — «stuck» weather systems bringing more and more warm tropical air ever further toward the poles; — melting of sea ice shelf increasing mobility of glaciers; — sea water getting under parts of the ice sheets where the base is below sea level; — melt water lubricating the ice sheet base; — changes in ocean currents -LRB-?)

Notably, the quote «Mölg and Hardy (2004) show that mass loss on the summit horizontal glacier surfaces is mainly due to sublimation (i.e. turbulent latent heat flux) and is little affected by air temperature through the turbulent sensible heat flux.»

Coupled with the observations of surface melt from Antarctica, would someone care to comment on the mechanics of glaciers in these sectors?

# 217, A little hint for the volcano «dun it» gang, find the spot where the surface ice has melted, either on a glacier or on floating ice, aside from that, laughing is a healthy thing to do, its good stand up comedian stuff..

A broadband seismic array surrounding the glacier front provides information on glacier fracturing beneath the surface.

Climate models, on the other hand, have a successful track record — look at the melting Arctic, warming around Antarctica, the surface temperature, the water feedback effect, the reduction in mountain glaciers... etc..

Not from surface melting of course as there is next to none on this glacier.

With melt - water lubricating the surface between the glaciers and the rocks on which they rested, ice flows were accelerating, flowing into the ocean at a pace of 2 meters an hour.

Six types of instruments aboard Aqua are to scan through the atmosphere down to the surface, gathering the most detailed data ever on water vapor in clouds, ice crystals in the air, evaporation, water in the oceans, icebergs and other sea ice, as well as glaciers and snow pack on land.

We quantify sea - level commitment in the baseline case by building on Levermann et al. (10), who used physical simulations to model the SLR within a 2,000 - y envelope as the sum of the contributions of (i) ocean thermal expansion, based on six coupled climate models; (ii) mountain glacier and ice cap melting, based on surface mass balance and simplified ice dynamic models; (iii) Greenland ice sheet decay, based on a coupled regional climate model and ice sheet dynamic model; and (iv) Antarctic ice sheet decay, based on a continental - scale model parameterizing grounding line ice flux in relation to temperature.

Examination of recent rapid supraglacial (i.e. on the surface) lake drainage documented short term velocity changes due to such events around 10 %, but little significance to the annual flow of the large glaciers outlet glaciers (Das et.al, 2008).

Soil and rocks on the Earth's surface reveal the advance and retreat of glaciers over the land surface, and fossilized pollen traces out rough boundaries of where the climate conditions were right for different species of plants and trees to live.

In a recent paper in press in the Journal of Glaciology Ian Howat and others examined changes in terminus position, surface elevation and flow on 32 glaciers along the southeast coast of Greenland from 200-2006.

On marine terminating outlet glaciers the mechanisms to trigger thinning is surface ablation causing thinning, and potentially basal melting, though not yet observed (though see this recent paper by Holland et al, 2008).

In addition to the measured retreat we have measured the surface profiles of these glaciers, measured annual snowpack on the glaciers and annual ablation.

Annual ice and firn ablation (firn and ice net balance: Mayo et al., 1972) is determined using ablation stakes drilled into the glacier surface and simultaneously checked on the same date in late September.

Since 1850 the glaciers of the European Alps have lost about 30 to 40 % of their surface area and about half of their volume... glaciers in the New Zealand Southern Alps have lost 25 % of their area over the last 100 years... Glaciers on Mt. Kenyan and Kilimanjaro have lost over 60 % of their area in the last century...» — Union of Concerned Scientists web siglaciers of the European Alps have lost about 30 to 40 % of their surface area and about half of their volume... glaciers in the New Zealand Southern Alps have lost 25 % of their area over the last 100 years... Glaciers on Mt. Kenyan and Kilimanjaro have lost over 60 % of their area in the last century...» — Union of Concerned Scientists web siglaciers in the New Zealand Southern Alps have lost 25 % of their area over the last 100 years... Glaciers on Mt. Kenyan and Kilimanjaro have lost over 60 % of their area in the last century...» — Union of Concerned Scientists web siGlaciers on Mt. Kenyan and Kilimanjaro have lost over 60 % of their area in the last century...» — Union of Concerned Scientists web site, 2016

More Scientific Evidence For CO2's Dubious Climate Impact Emerges Image Source: Robertson and Chilingar, 2017 According to the most basic precepts of anthropogenic global warming (AGW), variations in CO2 concentrations exert significant control on sea surface temperatures, glaciers, sea levels, and generalized climate dynamics (i.e., precipitation patterns).

The heavily crevassed surface (extending to the distant horizon) of Jakobshavn Isbrae, one of Greenland's fastest outlet glaciers, is shown on this large iceberg that calved from the glacier's end.

They develop when piles of wind - blown debris settle on the white, reflective surface of a glacier or ice sheet.

This conclusion has subsequently been supported by an array of evidence that includes both additional large - scale surface temperature reconstructions and pronounced changes in a variety of local proxy indicators, such as melting on icecaps and the retreat of glaciers around the world, which in many cases appear to be unprecedented during at least the last 2000 years.

I'm very convinced that the physical process of global warming is continuing, which appears as a statistically significant increase of the global surface and tropospheric temperature anomaly over a time scale of about 20 years and longer and also as trends in other climate variables (e.g., global ocean heat content increase, Arctic and Antarctic ice decrease, mountain glacier decrease on average and others), and I don't see any scientific evidence according to which this trend has been broken, recently.

Endless stories about glaciers melting, polar bears, ice sheets in Greenland and Antarctica and sea ice form the view that there is virtually no ice left on the surface of the planet.

Projections of future large - scale mass change are based on surface mass balance models that are open to criticism, because they ignore or greatly simplify glacier physics.