Twenty years after the colony was established at Stanford University, linkage analysis identified the causative allele
on the hypocretin receptor 2 (hcrtr2) gene [86].
Scientists hypothesized that the problem with S. pyogenes might be «molecular mimicry,» in which a molecular pattern on the bacterium resembles proteins
on those hypocretin neurons.
Three groups independently studying people with narcolepsy identified antibodies against the same protein, tribble 2, that's found
on hypocretin neurons.
They focused this effect
on the hypocretin neurons, which are brain cells in the lateral hypothalamus.
Not exact matches
Using gene mapping techniques, the researchers zeroed in
on a mutation in the gene for
hypocretin receptor 2.
Think of brain cells as rooms with locks called receptors
on their surfaces and a
hypocretin as a key that is also a stimulant.
Relying
on tests that used blood from Pandemrix recipients, the study authors showed it triggered antibodies that not only attack the virus but also bind to
hypocretin receptors, potentially killing them.
Meanwhile, pharmaceutical companies are racing to design new narcolepsy drugs based
on the discovery of
hypocretin's central role in the disorder.
Experiments
on mice show that re-feeding restores normal
Hypocretin activity, to an extent.
Moreover, some recent complicated neurobiological work done
on mice has shown that injecting them with leptin decreases the activity of their
Hypocretin Neurons.
GABA neurons also create a bridge between Neuropeptite Y, which is the molecule that arguably has the strongest appetite - stimulating effect
on the brain, and
Hypocretin Neurons (more
on Neuropeptide Y later this week).