While no other studies, to our knowledge, have explored the buffering effects of the caregiving environment in the stress - asthma association, animal studies have shown that environmental enrichment can reverse the effects of early stress experiences
on stress
reactivity.51 Laviola et al52 and Morley - Fletcher et al53 have shown that environmental enrichment eliminates the outcomes of prenatal stress
on corticosterone response and
reactivity to an
immune - suppressive agent.