Based on what you've said and checking out some additional links, I decided to revise the section
on insecure attachments and attachment disorders rather than taking it out altogether.
On the flipside of secure attachment, there are three different styles which fall
on the insecure attachment spectrum.
Understanding the Contribution of Abnormal Inferiority Feelings
on Insecure Attachment Through Gender and Culture: A Study of University Students Seeking Psychological Support
Interactive Influences of Narcissism and Self - Esteem
on Insecure Attachment in Early Adolescence.
A closer examination of the research
on insecure attachment might shed some light on these findings.
Parents who choose an authoritarian parenting style most likely were not securely attached as children themselves, which increases the chances of passing
on insecure attachment patterns to children.
Not exact matches
And all significant» «
attachment» relationships impact
on the baby or child simultaneously: secure
attachments generate joy;
insecure attachments generate distress.
But the effect of
insecure attachment doesn't stop there: This way of attaching is how the child will respond in stressful situations in every relationship throughout his life, including marriage, parenting, even
on the job.
To test his hunch that early puberty tracks
insecure attachment between mom and baby, Belsky crunched numbers
on 373 girls who were followed from birth until their 15th birthday as part of a National Institute of Child Health and Human Development study
on early child development.
There is a lot of evidence that says that depression and other mood disorders in the parents have a negative impact
on children, including cognitive difficulties,
insecure attachment, and behavioural problems.
API explores the effects of
insecure childhood
attachment on adults in - depth in our latest ebook, Attachmen
attachment on adults in - depth in our latest ebook,
AttachmentAttachment Matters.
In regard to children's
attachments to their mothers, based
on reports from only 60 % of the mothers, the 51 frequently overnighting infants had more
insecure attachments (43 %) than the 219 occasional overnighters (16 %) and the 364 non-overnighters (25 %).
Based
on the responses the researchers observed, Ainsworth described three major styles of
attachment: secure
attachment, ambivalent -
insecure attachment, and avoidant -
insecure attachment.
These experiences set me
on the pathway of wanting to see greater understanding in our schools about the consequences of
insecure attachment.
Regrettably trainee teachers are not currently taught about the impact of
insecure attachment histories
on children's learning, social skills and emotional development and Adoption UK is enthusiastically taking the opportunity to help plug this gap.
My response was aimed your statement about the impact
on other states — depression, anxiety, stress, self - criticism, and
insecure attachment.
Interestingly, recent research
on physician - patient relationships has shown that
insecure attachment attitudes of the patient are associated with a lack of compliance and low satisfaction with therapy.31, 32 Thus, mothers with
insecure - anxious
attachment attitudes may relapse more easily into former habits because of low satisfaction with therapy.
Maternal presence has a strong regulatory influence
on the ANS and HPA axis in rodents and primates (11, 43), and
insecure attachment is associated with elevated cortisol reactivity and vagal withdrawal in young children (44, 45).
Children of depressed mothers also are more likely to have
insecure attachment with their mothers, experience high social withdrawal, have poor communication and language skills, perform poorly
on cognitive tasks, and show more disruptive behaviors across developmental periods.2 Particularly among low - income families, financial difficulties and related resource scarcity increase the detrimental impacts of maternal depression
on the children's adjustment, the mother's health status, and the family's functioning as a whole.3
It seems that
insecure attachment may be more than just toxic to relationship functioning - it could be somewhat corrosive, having long - term, downstream effects
on relationships that continue to get worse as the years go
on.
In a recent meta - analysis (i.e., a study that statistically combines similar results from numerous other studies), researchers examined evidence of the effects of
attachment on long - term relationships across 31 published studies.4 The researchers wanted to know whether having an
insecure attachment style might exert additional influence
on the typical decline in relationship satisfaction over time, by making that decline even steeper as time goes
on.
In general, people high
on attachment anxiety or avoidance (in other words, more
insecure folks) have less satisfying sexual experiences.
Thinking about the recent meta - analysis
on breakups in dating couples, one of the interesting findings of that study was that someone's
attachment «style» (whether someone is secure or
insecure) doesn't predict whether that person's relationship will last or end.
In addition, research
on the impact of institutionalization (that is, placement in orphanages or large - group foster care settings)
on children suggests that children with multiple caregivers are more likely to display
insecure attachments and indiscriminate friendliness.20
Each dimension has 18 items, to be scored
on a Likert scale, ranging from 1 to 7, with higher scores indicating higher levels of
insecure attachment on the respective dimension.
Some studies suggest that upwards of three - quarters of maltreated children have disordered
attachments, but that the proportion may diminish with age.19 The limited empirical work
on attachment in foster children suggests that they are more likely than nonfoster children to have
insecure and disorganized
attachments.
On social - emotional measures, foster children in the NSCAW study tended to have more compromised functioning than would be expected from a high - risk sample.43 Moreover, as indicated in the previous section, research suggests that foster children are more likely than nonfoster care children to have
insecure or disordered
attachments, and the adverse long - term outcomes associated with such
attachments.44 Many studies of foster children postulate that a majority have mental health difficulties.45 They have higher rates of depression, poorer social skills, lower adaptive functioning, and more externalizing behavioral problems, such as aggression and impulsivity.46 Additionally, research has documented high levels of mental health service utilization among foster children47 due to both greater mental health needs and greater access to services.
(PDF - 564 KB) Center
on the Social and Emotional Foundations for Early Learning (2011) Explains
attachment and its importance, describes the characteristics of children with secure or
insecure attachment relationships, notes cultural differences in
attachment, and provides strategies teachers and caregivers can use to promote children's secure
attachment.
Contrary to meta - analytic findings of the earlier literature that focused only
on the effects of the amount of care provided without adequately controlling for selection effects, the NICHD Study found that a number of features of child care (the amount of child care, age of entry into care, and the quality and stability of child care) were unrelated to the security of infant — mother
attachments or to an increased likelihood of avoidant
attachments, except when mothers provided less sensitive parenting of their infant.11 For the children who received less sensitive maternal care, extended experience with child care, lower - quality child care, and more changes in child care arrangements were each associated with an increased likelihood of developing an
insecure attachment with their mothers.
Updated research
on insecure adult
attachment tells us these categories are more fluid than fixed.
This is a serious gap in our knowledge for two reasons: (1) Recent research has shown that disorganized
attachment is a predictor of psychopathology, whereas
insecure - avoidant and resistant
attachment lead to less optimal but not pathological child adjustment.10 Therefore, it is imperative to evaluate
attachment - based interventions
on their potential value to prevent
attachment disorganization.
Egeland does not address the follow - up of this first meta - analysis
on parental sensitivity and
attachment, nor does he cover the question of how
insecure disorganized
attachments might be prevented.
There, social and developmental research psychologists not only observed mothers and babies, but began to study the long - term effects of secure and
insecure attachment on adolescents and adults.
On the other hand,
insecure and disorganized
attachment put children at increasing risk of problem behaviours and psychopathologies.
On the contrary, people can grow up and develop an
insecure attachment style when the early experience with a caregiver was unpredictable, inconsistent, neglectful, or even abusive.
(2) Because even secure children are considered
insecure when their
attachment behaviour shows serious signs of disorganization, it is of great relevance for interventions to report not only effects
on secure
attachment but also effects
on disorganized
attachment.
An
insecure attachment,
on the other hand, is generally characterized by inconsistent or negative interactions with caregivers.
This distribution generally falls in line with the expectation that lower scores
on the two
insecure scales will be accompanied by higher scores
on secure
attachment.
There is increasing evidence that an
insecure attachment during infancy, especially one that is «disorganized,» is an important component of the cumulative risk factors
on a developmental pathway toward maladaptive child outcomes.
First, since we are building
on previous work by Simmons et al. (2009) by including two
insecure scales along with secure
attachment, we felt the three - dimensional measure was theoretically consistent with our research questions (Ravitz et al. 2010).
As noted previously in our manuscript, we measure
attachment with a three - dimensional scale which allows for the potential that one could score high
on secure
attachment and either (or both)
insecure attachment dimensions.
The contrasting nature of personal relationship quality between secure and
insecure individuals is based
on the underlying assumption that
attachment influences one's working model of others (Bowlby 1982; Shaver and Mikulincer 2002).
It provides a review of the literature and clear quantitative data
on the prevalence of
insecure and disorganized
attachment within this group.
Mary Ainsworth did some work in the past
on the difference between «secure
attachment» and «
insecure attachment» between parent and child.
Therefore, instead of seeing this resistance to the «all - bad» parent as intentional parental alienation or abuse which justifies a child feeling estranged from a parent, the driving force appears to be much more of an unconscious outgrowth of
insecure or disorganized
attachments which the child is trying to resolve based
on the most fundamental biological drives for survival.
However, in an
insecure or disorganized
attachment relationship, their
attachment behavior may need to be turned
on constantly in a desperate effort for reassurance that is very hard to get.
When a child feels he or she can not rely
on his or her needs being met, it may result in what is called
insecure attachment.
On the other hand, our clients» unmet dependency needs and
insecure attachment patterns can derail the therapy.
An often over looked but fundamental dimension in CPTS and DT is the developmental and psychosocial impact of
insecure attachment patterns
on personality.
Attachment is on a spectrum — from healthy to insecure to disorganized (often diagnosed as an attachment
Attachment is
on a spectrum — from healthy to
insecure to disorganized (often diagnosed as an
attachment attachment disorder).