Sentences with phrase «on ionization»

I updated this in November 2016 to reflect the changes to the IB syllabus, but there are some bits missing, notably mass spectra, calculations for electron transitions and some more detail on ionization energies.

It may be somewhat less enriched as Sol with elements heavier than hydrogen («metallicity») based on the ionization balance of iron and a comparison between observed and computed profiles for the extremely strong ionized calcium (Ruck and Smith, 1995)-- metallicity measurements based on iron alone range from 55 to 155 percent of Sol's (Cayrel de Strobel et al, 1991, page 26).

During solar flares, variation in the solar flux in the spectral range extending from the UV to the X-ray wavelengths can have a direct effect on the ionization of the atmospheres of planetary bodies as well as on their heating and dimensions (for details see Schunk & Nagy 2009).

But calculations of the amount of ionized hydrogen in intergalactic space depend on the ionization rate for the background radiation, and a lower ionization rate would mean less ionized hydrogen.

Not exact matches

«I worked out how much scattering and straggling would occur, and realized that much of the ionization would be deposited in a volume at the end of a narrow beam not much larger than the eraser on a pencil — and with very little exposure of the skin at the point of entry,» Wilson recalled in a draft for a speech.

The amount of ionization you see seems to depend on how far you are from being directly in the moon's shadow.

The Slooh live stream will begin on Monday, Nov. 17 at 8:00 p.m. EST (0100 GMT Tuesday) and will include more than just shots of the sky: Slooh will also broadcast audio of the «ionization sounds» created by the meteors.

The process involving liquid chromatography - electrospray ionization - tandem mass spectrometry relies on a vital step called «charge derivatization» or using a permanently charged reagent to selectively trap the estrogens and isolate them from the lipids and proteins that could interfere with estrogen detection, Schug said.

From this image, the scientists were able to track the dependence of the rate of tunneling ionization on the orientation of the molecule with respect to the laser polarization direction.

By directly applying a high voltage on a small piece of raw sample with its surface loaded with solvents, spray ionization could be induced at the tip of the sample to generate corresponding mass spectra within minutes, as if they are fingerprints which helps identification.

This allowed them to shed light on the ultrafast ionization processes in a precision that has simply not been possible hitherto.

If the ionization states of silicon can not only be sampled on such a short time scale, but can also be set — as the first experiments with krypton suggest — scientists might one day be able to use this to develop novel and even faster computer technologies.

The team used a nanoflow liquid chromatography instrument to sort the molecules in the meteorite sample, then applied nanoelectrospray ionization to give the molecules an electric charge and deliver them to a high - resolution mass spectrometer instrument, which identified the molecules based on their mass.

Fundamental experimental data were derived from the observations of airglows by the Spectroscopy for Investigation of Characteristics of the Atmosphere of Mars (SPICAM) instrument on - board Mars Express: while NO is useful to constrain dynamics around the 100 km level (Gagné et al. 2013), CO and CO2 + UV emissions allow the direct monitoring of the efficiency of ionization processes (Stiepen et al. 2015).

His work often focuses on developing or modifying instrumentation for specialized research purposes, including high - pressure and chemical - ionization mass spectrometers.

At Mars, the MARSIS radar instrument on - board Mars Express has experienced sporadic blackouts (Withers 2011) and recent modelling by Norman et al. (2014) suggestthat this may be due to enhanced ionization from SEP events.

Relatively long wavelength photons (> 90 nm) cause, in general, dissociation, whereas shorter ones cause ionization (Seki et al. 2015), with efficiencies depending on the atmospheric species in each planetary environment.

The research team then focused a beam of vacuum ultraviolet light from the synchrotron on the heated gas mixture that knocked away electrons (an effect known as ionization).

The way the ionization changes during an eclipse seems to depend on its distance from the moon's shadow.

Analyzing such systems, whether they are on the surface of a catalyst, a microbial community, or atmospheric aerosols, and understanding their impact requires tools that can accurately identify and quantify hundreds of molecules,» said Dr. Julia Laskin, a PNNL chemist, who has been advancing the frontiers of the Nanospray Desorption Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry, nicknamed nano - DESI, for the last 3 years.

SDSS Collaboration Larger illustration Spectra of J1030 and another remote quasar displayed unexpectedly strong lines of heavier elements, i.e., carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, and silicon (more on the «Gunn - Peterson trough» and the ionization of neutral hydrogen).

Around 1997 Paul Lecoq started to work on the translational aspect of his research in the field of ionization detectors for calorimetry.

Influence of Ethanol on the Solubility, Ionization and Permeation Characteristics of Ibuprofen in Silicone and Human Skin.

The final thing that we found was that in the chemical formulation, a lot of lozenges on the market have citric acid and many other binders; all these binders prevent zinc from ionization and therefore render it unavailable for action.

Also of note is this answer on the physics stack exchange which says that the blue color of air sparks comes from ionization of nitrogen atoms.

It's available with loads of useful winter tech, including a Quadzone Climate System with optional Air Ionization, Night Vision that uses thermal technology to reveal pedestrians and large animals on the road ahead, a head - up display, Magnetic Ride Control that adjusts to road surfaces and weather conditions, and active rear steering.

Standard equipment on EX models such as UVO Powered by Microsoft, push button - start ignition with smart key and rear sonar back - up sensors, rear view back - up cameras and air ionization purification technology complete the modern and high - tech driving experience.

The results presented are of the impact of ionization on the formation rate of aerosols with size ~ 4 nanometers (nm), as shown in the figure below:

This was surprising and casts a pall on claims that cosmic ray ionization controls aerosol production.

This in itself is likely a wrong assumption, because it ignores ionization rates and the effects on the atmosphere.

He thought that this connection might occur via the effect of cosmic ray induced ionization on aerosol and cloud condensation nuclei and thus on the radiative properties of clouds.

The Svensmark theory (low cloud generation on aerosols through GCR ionization in the atmosphere) may be the mechanism.

So, on top of retrofitting old alarms, you can buy a Roost Smart Smoke Alarm that can detect CO, all types of smoke (Roost uses a modified ionization sensor, called IoPhic, made by Universal Security Instruments), and natural gas, or you can get a cheaper smoke - only alarm.

It is nicer looking than the First Alert Z - Wave model, with smooth corners and an elegant rounded shape, but it doesn't come in a wired version, it has only an ionization sensor, and it operates on three standard AA batteries, meaning low - battery chirps are still a possibility.