Besides placing a strong emphasis
on law school grades as an indicator of legal aptitude, Cravath also looked for other qualities — a passionate dedication to the practice of law as a profession, a willingness to work hard and meticulous attention to the quality of the work.
The level of importance placed
on law school grades is difficult to overstate.
See also Fearfully Optimistic's series
on the law school grading curve.
Not exact matches
Gorsuch's commitments to interpreting the
law as «the words
on the paper say» and not over-criminalizing innocent conduct were
on full display in a 2015 decision in which he used «plain old
grade school grammar» to determine the legal penalties imposed
on defendants accused of using a firearm «during and in relation to any crime of violence of drug trafficking crime.»
When his
grades weren't good enough to get into
law school, he sat
on a bench outside the dean's office for seven days until they finally let him enroll.
There was something for everyone
on the menu: using Apple technology, developing research - based practices to teach students in the early
grades, engaging students through digital instruction, understanding the new teacher evaluation system as set by state
law, preventing high - risk student behaviors and how Community Learning
Schools meet the needs of students and their families.
In October, while ESSA conferees were still negotiating, Illinois Governor Bruce Rauner signed into
law a new
school rating system under which only 30 percent of a
school or district's
grade will be based
on student achievement.
On the
school choice front, Nevada has a limited open - enrollment policy, and a charter
school law that is deemed weak by the Center for Education Reform, a rating that lowers the state's
grade.
But in May 2002, the state legislature made one of its boldest moves, revising the
School Code, the state's education
law, to require 3rd -
grade students to score at the Level - 2 benchmark or above
on the reading portion of the FCAT in order to be promoted to 4th
grade.
Working quickly as soon as the Civil Rights Act was signed into
law, the Coleman research team drew a sample of over 4,000
schools, which yielded data
on slightly more than 3,000
schools and some 600,000 students in
grades 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12.
The
law sheds light
on how
schools are doing and sets an expectation that every child can read and do math
on grade level.
The
law also required annual statewide tests in
grades 3 through 8, and again in high
school, and states had to publish the performances of students
on these tests for every
school, breaking out the results by ethnicity, eligibility for a subsidized lunch, and a variety of other categories.
A bipartisan Congress passed the federal accountability
law, No Child Left Behind (NCLB), which required every
school to release information
on student performance in
grades three through eight and again in high
school.
As to timetables, the 2001
law expects all states to have children
on grade level by the end of the 2013 - 14
school - year.
A new state
law, which goes into effect July 1, will require
school districts in Oregon to hold
on to the
grade report, diploma, and other
school records of any student who owes $ 50 or more to the district for anything from lost books to unpaid activity fees.
An Orange County charter
school that earned two Fs in a row
on Florida's
school report card has shut down because of a state
law that makes closure all but automatic after double failing
grades.
North Carolina's
School Report Cards
law relies heavily
on end of
grade / course tests and it is weighted towards proficiency over growth.
The
law provides a 1 year pause
on assigning
school grades, but zero relief to students who will still face
grade retention, lose electives and be denied diplomas.
Since it was first passed in 2011, lawmakers have made annual changes to the
school grading law, which requires public
schools to receive a letter
grade based
on metrics like test scores and graduation rates.
In fact, federal
law mandates that states, districts, and
schools assess students
on an annual basis at specific
grade levels and in specific content areas.
Recently, the American Association of
School Administrators argued that portability eliminates the flexibility that current
law affords it to decide
on which
grades to focus Title I resources.
Current state
law relies heavily
on number of students who pass End of Grade tests in
grades 3 - 8 and End of Course tests in high
school.
The Utah State Board of Education will issue
school grades this fall based
on the criteria established in existing state
law.
This
law has been in affect for many years, long before the Legislature started
grading schools based
on test performance.
A nationwide study
on «
school funding fairness» conducted by the Education
Law Center finds North Carolina is one of the least fair states in the nation, earning a
grade of «F» for its education spending in relation to the state's economic productivity.
Gov. Abbott signs bill overhauling A-F
school, district ratings A bill overhauling a future system to
grade Texas
schools and districts
on an A-F scale is now
law.
The current list is based
on standardized testing data from the era of No Child Left Behind, a federal
law that
graded schools heavily
on math and reading scores.
The state is required to give out end - of -
grade tests for 3rd through 8th graders, and one exam in high
school, based
on a federal
law known as No Child Left Behind.
As soon as the
law was passed, four religious
schools applied for a waiver and all four were approved to take
on new voucher students despite their failing
grades.
While not required by the
law, many
school districts were reluctant to hinge the possibility of a third grader moving
on to the fourth
grade on his or her performance
on a single test, especially considering that North Carolina just adopted more rigorous standards and more difficult assessments based
on those standards — meaning that even more students are likely to fail End of
Grade tests than in years past.
The
law also sanctioned an A-F
school grading scheme that punishes
schools whose students don't perform well
on standardized tests.
Still, he has fallen short
on other measures that might have given the state better
grades by Rhee's standards, including his stalled proposal for a
school - voucher program and his failed bid to end teacher seniority rights under the new tenure
law.
Utah
law requires public
schools to be given a letter
grade based
on student proficiency and growth
on Student Assessment of Growth and Excellence tests.
The new
law means Destiny Middle
School in Tacoma will be re-instated as a public charter school and move forward on its plans to offer a full 6th and 7th grade program.The new law ensures that Destiny will continue to serve its diverse student population of 86 percent students of color, 83 percent students in the Free or Reduced - price Lunch program and 22 percent students with special
School in Tacoma will be re-instated as a public charter
school and move forward on its plans to offer a full 6th and 7th grade program.The new law ensures that Destiny will continue to serve its diverse student population of 86 percent students of color, 83 percent students in the Free or Reduced - price Lunch program and 22 percent students with special
school and move forward
on its plans to offer a full 6th and 7th
grade program.The new
law ensures that Destiny will continue to serve its diverse student population of 86 percent students of color, 83 percent students in the Free or Reduced - price Lunch program and 22 percent students with special needs.
«This
law requires the state to use state - authorized Alabama will use assessments and other key performance indicators that give a total profile of the
school or
school system, or both, a
school's
grade, at a minimum shall be based
on a combination of student achievement scores, achievement gap, college and career readiness, learning gains, and other indicators as determined by the State Superintendent of Education to impact student learning and success.»
That
law relies more
on absolute comparisons of test scores, so it sometimes seems as if Ben Franklin High
School, which accepts only high - achieving students, is measured
on the same yardstick as
schools in the state - run Recovery
School District, where the average student starts well below
grade level.
Connecticut state
law prohibits a
school district for requiring that a student achieve a satisfactory
grade on the Common Core SBAC test in order to graduate or be promoted to the next
grade.
Horizon has not fared well
on the state's
grading system, and one of its campuses received two F's in a row, a performance so poor that the
school should have faced consequences this year, according to state
law.
Alongside teachers, I am curious how continuing annual testing in
grades 3 - 8 and once in high
school reduces «the burden of testing
on students and teachers, making sure that tests don't crowd out teaching and learning» and how the continued significance of student test scores (despite the
law's important shift to include multiple measures of success for students) will alter a test - prep culture that narrows the curriculum.
The Obama administration's focus
on teachers is a significant shift from the Bush administration's No Child Left Behind
law, which uses high - stakes tests like the annual Wisconsin Knowledge and Concepts Exam (WKCE) to identify
schools and
school districts that are failing to meet the needs of children and then threatens to cut funding if they don't make the
grade.
Getting good
grades in
law school therefore depends
on just a handful of tests at the end of each semester.
Eric Goldman, of the Santa Clara University
law school faculty, who blogs over at Goldman's Observations, has a lengthy post detailing his experiment with offering students in his Cyberspace Law class (yes, that's really what it's called) the option to have a portion of their grade based on something other than the final ex
law school faculty, who blogs over at Goldman's Observations, has a lengthy post detailing his experiment with offering students in his Cyberspace
Law class (yes, that's really what it's called) the option to have a portion of their grade based on something other than the final ex
Law class (yes, that's really what it's called) the option to have a portion of their
grade based
on something other than the final exam.
I distinctly recall my torturous journey trying to get one of my
law school professors to simply read and
grade my independent study paper — when he finally did, it was patently obvious he had spent about five minutes reading it before slapping a brief and entirely unhelpful comment
on it next to my
grade.
The Torts
grade is based
on a traditional
law school exam, and the LA&W
grade is based
on the three individual writing assignments (with the final assignment
graded most heavily).
The
grade for the connected class is based
on a standard issue - spotting and issue - analyzing
law school exam.
Likely Diagnosis: The associate still expects to be rewarded for «ideational fluency» — the skill that gets you top
grades on law school exams.
There will always be exceptions, those who under or over achieve their LSAT scores in
law school; if it were otherwise,
grading would be gratuitous and
law firms could hire based
on LSAT scores alone.
Given a particular factual situation
on a
law school exam, the highest
grade goes to the student who can spot the most issues and describe the most number of potential legal arguments, both pro and con.
While the
law school grading process is most commonly derided by those
law students and lawyers who fall
on the western side of the bell curve, I rarely hear of
law professors challenging the
grading process — until now.
Over at Crime & Federalism, Michael Cernovich agrees that The VC's Orin Kerr has done a public service with his post, «A Few Thoughts
on First - Year
Law School Grades.»