Latin American theologians knew with anticipation that Rome was preparing a document
on Liberation Theology.
Finally, I shall offer some reflections
on liberation theology and social justice beyond sacralism and secularism.
While the thesis mentions directly only about the influence of Marx
on liberation theology, students of liberation theology have always acknowledged the influence of Bonhoeffer.
Therefore there is a new demand
on liberation theology to take into account the new dimensions of oppression and subjugation brought in by economic globalization.
His criticism did not focus directly
on liberation theology itself, but on the philosophical Marxism it employs as a sociological tool.
What we learned from the Detroit Conference
on Liberation Theology (August 1975) was that the North American reality is different from that of Latin America.
Even the Catholic Church uses this anthropology in a few of its official statements like the Second Vatican Council's Gaudium et Spes, and statements by national bishops conferences in Peru and the Netherlands, as well as the Vatican's 1986 Instruction
on Liberation Theology.
Several readers expressed interest in entry - level book recommendations
on liberation theology for newcomers to the topic.
Other Facts: Is a conservative, considered the driving force behind crackdowns
on liberation theology, religious pluralism, challenges to traditional moral teachings on issues such as homosexuality, and dissent on issues such as women's ordination, according to CNN's John Allen in «Who is Pope Benedict XVI.»
Not exact matches
When many of his brother Jesuits sought to move away from parishes and embrace
liberation theology, he insisted
on traditional forms of work, and his order's beloved Ignatian spirituality.
The Chilean website Reflection and
Liberation, which focuses
on Catholic
theology, first reported Francis» remarks.
Another fascinating chapter is Frederick Pike's
on Latin America since 1800, wherein the suggestion is offered that
liberation theology's «ahistorical» character comes from its Neoplatonist strain» ironically, one of the most radically transcendental philosophies available as a basis for religious life and
theology.
On a scale of 1 to 10, Jones predicts that process
theology will tally 6 points of compatibility with
liberation theology's gospel and mission of economic, social, and political
liberation for the wretched of the earth.
The second element has to do with the implications of
liberation theology's concrete focus
on Jesus Christ.
Under the influence of the recent varieties of
liberation theologies we are learning to appreciate this way of theologizing, and some of the more creative work in the interpretation of Wesley and the Wesleyan tradition has drawn
on correlations of theological method with the
liberation theologians.
Liberation theology focuses attention
on the political sphere, whereas process
theology has devoted considerable attention to the cultural and religious spheres.
The question now is whether there is any point of contact
on the side of
liberation theology for the concerns of process theologians in areas to which
liberation theologians have paid less attention.
One point of contact between process
theology and
liberation theology depends
on repentance
on the part of process theologians.
The first three sections of this paper have illustrated this, indicating the changes needed
on the side of process
theology as it responds to the truth of what
liberation theologians are saying.
Often when I address affluent church audiences
on the subject of
liberation theology I am asked: When oppressed people get liberated, what then?
There is little doubt that the concern for cultures and religions expresses the middle class social location of most process theologians, whereas the focus
on political and economic issues and the concomitant demand for justice express the identification with the poor that is the glory of
liberation theology.
See especially Asghar Ali Engineer, Islam and
Liberation Theology: Essays
on Liberative Elements in Islam, (New Delhi: Sterling Publishers, 1990).
A critical challenge of
liberation theology is its rooting in local praxis and base communities, and here the main British version has been a multifaceted urban
theology which has built
on a tradition of pastoral, political and community - building activity in cities.
The presence of other divergences too (David Moss's luminous piece
on friendship stands very well alone), the dispersal of the group
on both sides of the Atlantic, and the fact that some members are already deep into other conversations all suggest that as a movement it will (at least in Britain) either fragment or at best fare like feminist,
liberation and nonrealist
theologies, and have its main influence as a point of reference and interrogation.
The second recent book to advance the response of process
theology to
liberation theology significantly is Delwin Brown's To Set at Liberty.7 This is not so much a critical response to the challenge of the
liberation theologies as a reflection
on freedom stimulated by this literature.
We have had
theologies of
liberation, of women's experience, of Judaism, of culture, of religion, of the body, of worship, of humor, of play, of work, of institutions, of the church, of the world, and so
on, and so
on.
Bonhoeffer has probably had more influence in South Africa
on liberation and contextual
theologies than any other European theologian in the 20th century.
(I am indebted for this story to Dorothee Sölle, who included it in her lecture, «The Role of Political
Theology in Relation to the
Liberation of Men,» one of the plenary addresses at the conference
on Religion and the Humanizing of Man, Sept. 1 - 5, 1972, Los Angeles.)
Liberation theology focuses
on the ministry of Jesus as recorded in the Bible — the gospels in particular.
Without denying the problem of Latin America's dependency
on North Atlantic capitalism, McGovern urges
liberation theology to develop analyses of developments internal to the dependent nations.
Jon Sobrino has written that as long as there is suffering, poverty, exclusion and premature death
on an immense scale — which is ever more the case in Latin America — there will be need for a
theology (whatever its name) that poses the kinds of questions posed by
liberation theology.
But the fundamentalists are popular with the Pinochet government because of their political conservatism and emphasis
on passive acceptance of authority — in contrast to socially activist Catholic groups inspired by
liberation theology.
Feminist
theology requires that we reflect
on all that is dehumanizing and oppressive, everything that stands in the way of the
liberation of all people.
While Central American nations
on our doorstep are still beaten down — economically, politically, militarily — by recurring acts of institutionalized violence like these, there persists a future for
liberation theology that names these acts «sin.»
McGovern and Sigmund both insist
on understanding
liberation theology developmentally.
For instance, in its first years,
liberation theology was conceived as (second - order) reflection and discourse based
on a (first - order) praxis of
liberation from oppression, especially from social, economic and political injustice.
We have also held conferences with Hindus and Neoconfucianists,
on African cosmology and various
liberation theologies, with political theorists and economists, with psychiatrists and educators, with biologists and physicists.
Robert McAfee Brown, whose name is symbolic for engaged theologian and ethicist, is perhaps best known for being able to write clearly, for example, in
Theology in a New Key: Responding to
Liberation Theology and Saying Yes and Saying No:
On Rendering to God and Caesar.
Such efforts represent the sort of sociopolitical praxis that can realistically shed light
on theological reflection for those who work with the heritage of
liberation theology.
Liberation theology has tended to place special emphasis
on certain portions of the Bible, notably the story of the Exodus, the social criticism of the prophets, the figure of Mary, Jesus» preaching of the kingdom of God, the depiction of the liberating Christian community in Acts, and the struggle against evil in its imperialist and cosmic guise in the Book of Revelation.
In my view, once you start going down the WWJD Road, you're now
on the same road used by both Latin American and Black
Liberation Theology which takes Jesus out of context to justify socialism which in the United States is supported by progressive liberals.
Generalization is dangerous here too, but it is safe to say that
liberation theology is characterized by an emphasis
on the experience of oppression and a Marxist - inspired social analysis that divides society into oppressor and oppressed.
Pastors must begin to do
liberation theology on a microcosmic scale — within the local church.
J. Emmette Weir, for example, has cited Juan Luis Segundo's criticism of the social ineffectiveness of the Marxist concept of religion («The Bible and Marx», Scottish Journal of
Theology, August 1982) and has also noted that current exponents of liberation theology have shifted away from dependence on Marx -(«Liberation Theology Comes of Age,» Expository Times, Octobe
Theology, August 1982) and has also noted that current exponents of
liberation theology have shifted away from dependence on Marx -(«Liberation Theology Comes of Age,» Expository Times, Octo
liberation theology have shifted away from dependence on Marx -(«Liberation Theology Comes of Age,» Expository Times, Octobe
theology have shifted away from dependence
on Marx -(«
Liberation Theology Comes of Age,» Expository Times, Octo
Liberation Theology Comes of Age,» Expository Times, Octobe
Theology Comes of Age,» Expository Times, October 1986).
In the question - answer session that followed the lecture, Pannenberg called
on Christian theologians to follow the lead of the early church fathers and offer a more creative approach to the task of doing
theology in the face of the world's injustices than that found in Marxist - oriented
liberation theologies.
The emphasis
on context as well as
liberation is common to
theology and education.
In the twentieth century the social gospel and the
liberation theologies have continued the prophetic emphasis
on concrete historical change.
Writing from the perspective of Minjung
theology — a school of
liberation theology specifically centered
on the oppressed peoples of Korea — Noh reports inductively
on the sorts of oppression that...
Two such schools of thought have been North American process
theology based
on the philosophy of Alfred North Whitehead and
liberation theology which originated in the struggles of Third World peoples for economic, political,...
As long as the scandal of poverty and oppression exists and as long as there are Christians who live and critically reflect
on their faith in the context of the struggle for justice and life,
liberation theology will continue to exist».