Sentences with phrase «on measurements of»

«The report, by senior glaciologist Vijay Kumar Raina, formerly of the Geological Survey of India, seeks to correct a widely held misimpression based on measurements of a handful of glaciers: that India's 10,000 or so Himalayan glaciers are shrinking rapidly in response to climate change.

Loss of high spatial resolution would have a detrimental effect on measurements of all parameters, including sea ice, snow cover, and precipitation.

Temperature is based on measurements of the isotopic content of water in the Dome C ice core.

point 3: as far as I know, the 3 W / m2 is based on measurements of absorption lines, be it in a laboratory, not on any theoretical guesses.

All other approaches rely on measurements of phenomena and processes that are, at best, indirectly related to the energy imbalance.

Therefore, estimating equilibrium climate sensitivity based on measurements of a climate that's out of equilibrium requires making some significant assumptions, for example that feedbacks will remain constant over time.

The earlier study reported that the region was losing three times this amount of ice, based on measurements of glacier thinning and mass loss determined from other satellite measurements.

The second factor is the insulating effect of the atmosphere of which well over 90 % results from atmospheric water in the form of clouds and water vapour with the remaining 10 % due primarily from CO2 and ozone with just a slightly detectable effect from methane and a trivial effect from all the other gases named in tyhe Kyoto Accord that is so small it can't even be detected on measurements of the Earth's radiative spectrum.

«We are able, for the first time, to accurately reproduce the ice - core record for the last 800,000 years — the record of atmospheric C02 based on measurements of carbon dioxide in gas bubbles in ice,» Tripati said.

''... worked with two sediment cores they extracted from the seabed of the eastern Norwegian Sea, developing a 1000 - year proxy temperature record «based on measurements of δ18O in Neogloboquadrina pachyderma, a planktonic foraminifer that calcifies at relatively shallow depths within the Atlantic waters of the eastern Norwegian Sea during late summer,» which they compared with the temporal histories of various proxies of concomitant solar activity... This work revealed, as the seven scientists describe it, that «the lowest isotope values (highest temperatures) of the last millennium are seen ~ 1100 - 1300 A.D., during the Medieval Climate Anomaly, and again after ~ 1950 A.D.» In between these two warm intervals, of course, were the colder temperatures of the Little Ice Age, when oscillatory thermal minima occurred at the times of the Dalton, Maunder, Sporer and Wolf solar minima, such that the δ18O proxy record of near - surface water temperature was found to be «robustly and near - synchronously correlated with various proxies of solar variability spanning the last millennium,» with decade - to century - scale temperature variability of 1 to 2 °C magnitude.»

More than half of the loss of landlocked ice in the past five years has occurred in Greenland, based on measurements of ice weight by NASA's GRACE satellite, said NASA geophysicist Scott Luthcke.

Since current ice melt data could indicate variable climate trends and aren't necessarily part of an accelerating trend, the study warned that predictions of future sea - level rise should not be based on measurements of glacial loss» Daily Mail.

Based on measurements of ecosystem CO2 flux, radiation absorption by plants, crop yields and a model simulating the terrestrial biosphere, a multinational team of researchers has found that during July and August 2003, 500 million tonnes of carbon escaped from the forests and fields across Europe as a result of extreme heat and drought.

The Hoyt & Schatten reconstruction used by Soon is not based on ANY measurements of solar radiation, but on [dubious] guess work extrapolated from solar activity proxies: «These indices are (1) the equatorial solar rotation rate, (2) the sunspot structure, the decay rate of individual sunspots, and the number of sunspots without umbrae, and (3) the length and decay rate of the sunspot cycle.»

The scenarios that scientists are looking at depend on measurements of air and water temperatures taken at hundreds of sites around the world, as well as complex models about how trends will evolve in the coming decades.

The square footage of heated floor space is based on the measurements of the floor space that is heated.

The logarithmic relationship was first posited by Svante Arrhenius in 1896, based on measurements of infrared radiation from the full moon obtained with the Langley bolometer.

That is an excellent example of good science: based on measurements of carbon dioxide and temperature, and on our understanding from basic physics of the interactions between carbon dioxide and light, Hansen made a bold prediction that could be tested and verified experimentally over time.

One, by Polish artist Miroslaw Balka, contains mostly dried hogs» intestines, some knotted and some stretched, from which, in 1997, he made a columnar light based on the measurements of his own body.

The current approach to risk and return relies on measurements of risk that are inappropriate for the individual investor, and models based on MPT do not reflect real - world phenomenon.

Cesare Lombroso was a psychiatrist who compared physiological features of criminals and formed a prediction based on the measurements of skulls and height of their cheekbones.

Each vehicle's overall evaluation is based on measurements of intrusion into the occupant compartment, injury measures from a Hybrid III dummy in the driver seat, and analysis of slow - motion film to assess how well the restraint system controlled dummy movement during the test.

Each vehicle's overall evaluation is based on measurements of intrusion into the occupant compartment, injury measures recorded on a Hybrid III dummy in the driver seat, and analysis of slow - motion film to assess how well the restraint system controlled dummy movement during the test.

A vehicle's overall evaluation is based on measurements of intrusion into the occupant compartment, injury measures recorded on a Hybrid III dummy in the driver seat, and analysis of slow - motion film to assess how well the restraint system controlled dummy movement during the test.

But to address the spirit of Race to the Top as well as its stated requirements, we must address the real question here: Should the professional evaluation of a teacher be based, at least in part, on measurements of how much students are learning?

The charter schools generally rise or fall based on measurements of their success — expectations that are spelled out in the school's charter.

Based on the measurements of this ORAC method, we have formulated SUPER-ORAC Free - Radical Defense ™ with eight of the best «super fruits» that exhibit some of the highest levels of ORAC found in nature.

* Nutritional information calculated based on the measurements of my typical smoothie bowl (without toppings).

Instead, doctors rely on measurements of several different hormones.

To better understand the complex influence of the electron shell on measurements of nuclear magnetic moments, scientists at TU Darmstadt now want to conduct measurements of nuclear magnetic moments on atomic nuclei with just a single bound electron or no electron shell at all.

An update on the measurements of the depth of shower maximum made at the Pierre Auger Observatory

Previous estimates of the distance to NGC 4151's central black hole relied on measurements of redshift — how wavelengths of light are lengthened by an object's motion away from Earth - based observers.

«If you really believe our number — and we have shed blood, sweat and tears to get our measurement right and to accurately understand the uncertainties — then it leads to the conclusion that there is a problem with predictions based on measurements of the cosmic microwave background radiation, the leftover glow from the Big Bang,» said Alex Filippenko, a UC Berkeley professor of astronomy and co-author of a paper announcing the discovery.

At its height between 1960 and 1980, Polyarka was staffed by more than fifty working scientists, engineers, and technicians focused on measurements of surface weather, snow depth, sea ice, and conditions in the upper atmosphere.

Based on measurements of these taken over a full Martian year, the team concludes that about 4 billion years ago, the Red Planet's atmospheric pressure — currently less than 1 per cent of Earth's — was up to 1.5 times what Earth's is today.

NOAA makes these projections based on measurements of the surface temperatures of the world's oceans using satellites, predicting how those temperatures will change.

Johnson and his team addressed this question with planetary models based on measurements of our sun's carbon - to - oxygen ratio.

LIGHT is the bedrock of astronomy, so it may come as a surprise that astronomers don't have a very good handle on measurements of brightness.

The best support for the idea that these may not be typical is that an estimate of the Hubble constant based on measurements of gravitational lensing of a distant quasar gives a figure of 37 plusminus 14.

They also shed some new light on measurements of Casimir forces between metal plates, an issue that has long puzzled physicists.

The model is based on measurements of odorants by means of the analytical technique PTR - MS.

Based on measurements of the expansion using Type Ia supernovae, measurements of temperature fluctuations in the cosmic microwave background, and measurements of the correlation function of galaxies, the universe has a calculated age of 13.7 ± 0.2 billion years.

Based on measurements of Jupiter and the solar wind, which are thought to preserve the hydrogen isotopic ratio of the protosolar nebula, scientists think nebular water had an extremely light hydrogen isotopic signature — much closer to what the Baffin Island lavas suggest about the deep mantle's water.

Sandage believes the Hubble constant is only 50, a claim he also bases on measurements of distant supernovae (Astrophysical Journal Letters, to appear in the 1 March issue).

Based on measurements of 45,000 individual plants from 3,680 species, and using high - tech statistical mapping protocols, the team created global maps of plant traits including leaf nitrogen concentration, leaf phosphorus concentration, and specific leaf area (a measure of area displayed to intercept light per unit investment in leaf biomass).

The team knew the slope's angle, at least roughly, based on measurements of Gale Crater taken from orbit.

They then compared the oxygen isotope ratio in Yonderup dripwater with that predicted by a model (which simulated the dripwater δ18O based on measurements of rainwater δ18O), as well as that measured at a different cave in the region.

Nicolas Gillet of the University of Joseph Fourier in Grenoble, France, and colleagues, modelled fluid behaviour in the Earth's core based on measurements of fluctuations in the magnetic field.

But the study, published today in Earth's Future, finds that scientists won't be able to determine, based on measurements of large - scale phenomena like global sea level and Antarctic mass changes, which scenario the planet faces until the 2060s.

The risk, Tufekci said, is that by focusing only on measurements of engagement such as «likes,» both Twitter and Facebook might be missing the bigger picture.