Sentences with phrase «on outcome variables»

Furthermore, multilevel modeling enables the influence of person - specific factors on outcome variables to be statistically controlled (DeLucia & Pitts, 2006).

Multiple regression analyses were used to further explore possible mediator or suppressor effects of the working alliance on outcome variables (residual change in IES - R composite score and residual change in BSI anxiety and BSI depression).

Results indicate that significantly larger improvements and effect sizes on all outcome variables (school bonding, parenting skills, family relationships, social competency, and behavioral self - regulation) for the combined ICPS and SF Program compared with ICPS - only or no - treatment controls.

Table 1 shows the median scores on all outcome variables at pre and post treatment, and follow up.

In addition, there were no differences among conditions on outcome variables at baseline.

We used the function (MODEL INDIRECT) in Mplus version 7.2 (Muthén and Muthén, 1998 — 2012) and obtained bootstrap confidence intervals for the effect of the independent variables (parenting and SES risk exposure) on the outcome variable (young adult self - reported health) through the mediator (methylation index) using 1000 replicates to assess the bias - corrected 95 % confidence intervals for the IE (Hayes, 2009).

Odds ratios estimate the effect of each individual independent variable on the outcome variable, adjusted for all other independent variables in the regression model.

Therefore, this model has a large effect (f 2 = 1.08) on the outcome variable.

An advantage to such analyses is that the results allow us to further examine each medium's unique effect on the outcome variable.

Multiple mediation analyses employed a bootstrapping approach to test the significance of the indirect effect of the independent variable (IV; personality traits) on the outcome variable (DV; EWB) through the mediator (M; fALFF of brain regions), which was calculated as the product of the effect of IV on M and that of M on DV.

Not exact matches

Identify as many variables as possible that could have a material impact on the outcome for any party, and assign a value to each variable and for each party.

«Much like a car accident, the harms on social media are low - probablility events with extremely variable outcomes,» he said.

Nevertheless, our recent innovation policy report card shows that until very recently Canada ranked second last among 14 comparator countries on a combination of policy variables that are related to positive innovation outcomes.

But, IMHO, this notion rests on two major assumptions: 1) that there is an objectively determinable preferred outcome; and 2) the weighting of particular variables (and their respective contributions to a maximal peak) can be objectively determined.

The Oxford Dictionary defines x-factor as «a variable in a given situation that could have the most significant impact on the outcome».

Which parenting variable had more impact on child outcomes?

Secondary outcomes included neonatal and maternal morbidities, maternal interventions, and mode of birth (see appendix 1 on bmj.com for a complete list of pre-specified outcomes and appendix 2 for details of the derivation of outcome variables requiring clinical review).

On the basis of the distribution of the outcome variables and to aid with the interpretation of results, we dichotomized the positive parenting behaviors for fathers reporting these activities ≥ 3 days / week versus 2 or fewer days a week.

Alternatively this situation may be managed by increasing the number of MPs by a variable number depending on the election outcome.

Mr Clarke, for his part, claims that rehabilitation depends on marshalling a piecemeal system with variable outcomes into a payment - by - results model that has attracted the interest of President Obama.

Contributions include discussions on racial disparities in special education placements, the intersection of disability with other identity variables such as gender and sexuality; the exploitation of disabled bodies to generate resources for humanitarian projects; and suggestions for how a human rights framework can promote inclusivity and better health outcomes.

Besides working at IBM's Thomas J. Watson Research Center in Yorktown Heights, New York, Meyer heads something called the DREAM challenges, contests that ask teams of computer scientists to solve outstanding biomedical problems, such as predicting the outcome of prostate cancer treatment based on clinical variables or detecting breast cancer from mammogram data.

Is evolution predictable, always yielding the same traits, or is it contingent on infinite variables, delivering infinite outcomes?

Unlike other studies that have looked at the influence of social media on election outcomes, their study, «More Tweets, More Votes: Social Media as a Quantitative Indicator of Political Behavior,» took into account such variables as incumbency, partisanship, media coverage, and socio - demographic makeup of the electorate.

Primary outcome variables were heart rate, systolic blood pressure, temperature, and QTc interval on electrocardiogram.

Any individual outcome depends on so many additional uncontrollable variables, but a program's structural integrity tells us whether it can work at all.

Five of the 10 studies were ostensibly about the relation of other potential prognostic variables to outcomes but happened to present data on smoking status as a potential confounder of those relations.

To identify methodological categories, the outcome of each paper was classified according to a set of binary variables: 1 - outcome measured on biological material; 2 - outcome measured on human material; 3 - outcome exclusively behavioural (measures of behaviours and interactions between individuals, which in studies on people included surveys, interviews and social and economic data); 4 - outcome exclusively non-behavioural (physical, chemical and other measurable parameters including weight, height, death, presence / absence, number of individuals, etc...).

Additionally, the betas from the linear model appeared to be interpreted as a ratio, «Only episodes of excessive coughing and heart burn occurred on average > 2 times more in the cattle than in the control community (β > 2)», where the standard interpretation for a beta from a linear model would be a one unit increase in the outcome for a one unit increase in the explanatory variable, i.e. two more episodes of disease.

None of these independent variables had an effect on the total percent glycated hemoglobin, glucose area, or fasting triacylglycerol concentration — the primary outcome variables.

Most health outcomes show a U-shaped profile, but most analysis in biomedical journals assumes a linear dependence of outcomes on dependent variables.

In order to remove the confounding influence of unobserved factors that have an impact on both school spending and student outcomes, we calculate how much spending in a given school district would have been predicted to change due solely to the passage of an SFR, and use that prediction, rather than the spending change the district actually experienced, as our key variable.

Phase 1 trials would be small, nongenerablizable empirical studies whose dependent variable is not year - end test scores, but «next - day or next - week outcomes: measurable effects on student behavior, effort, or short - term learning.»

Pages of Download Grade 2 Practice Sheets: 1 - Cover 2 - For the Teacher 3 - 6 - Measurement Length 7 - 11 - Measurement Height 12 - 15 - Place Value 16 - 20 - Ordinal Numbers 21 - 25 - Smallest / Largest Number in a set of numbers 26 - 29 - Greater than 30 - 33 - Less than 34 - 36 - Greater than / Less than 37 - 39 - Add or subtract write the sign in the blank 40 - 45 - Adding using place value (example: 4 + 13 + 5) 46 - 51 - Adding with words - Example - what is 150 more than 200 52 - 55 - Skip Counting 56 - 59 - Skip Counting - Missing Numbers on a Number line 60 - 65 - Reading Graphs 65 - 71 - Solving Word Problems 72 - 76 - Time 77 - 83 - Coin Identification and Coin counting 84 - 88 - Counting Dollars and coins 89 - 92 - Geometry 93 - 96 - Fractions 97 - 115 - Answer Keys 116 - 118 - Terms of Use and Credits Pages of Download Grade 3 Practice Sheets: 1 - Cover 2 - For the Teacher 3 - 6 - Measurement Length 7 - 11 - Measurement Height 12 - 19 - Place Value 20 - 24 - Find the smallest / largest number from a set of numbers 25 - 28 - Number Words 29 - 32 - Skip Counting - complete the sequence 33 - 37 - Counting dollars and coins 38 - 48 - Reading thermometers - temperature 49 - 53 - Reading graphs 54 - 57 - Reading Calendars 58 - 62 - Numerators and Denominators 63 - 67 - Fraction Circles 68 - 72 - Fractions of a solid 73 - 78 - Word Problems 79 - 83 - Data Tables 84 - 88 - Multi-Step Word Problems 89 - 92 - Rounding to the nearest ten 93 - 96 - Rounding to the nearest hundred 97 - 100 - Rounding word problems 101 - 103 - Probability 104 - 107 - Geometry - identifying shapes 108 - 110 - Height of a triangle 111 - 113 - Angles identifying right, acute, and obtuse 114 - 117 - Symmetry and Angles 118 - 121 - Perimeter 122 - 125 - Area 126 - 129 - Elapsed Time 130 - 155 - Answer Keys 156 - 158 - Credits and Terms of Use Pages of Download Grade 4 practice sheets: 1 - Cover 2 - For the Teacher 3 - 6 - Measurement Length 7 - 11 - Patterns 12 - 15 - Parallel and Perpendicular Lines 16 - 26 - Reading Temperature 27 - 31 - Reading Graphs 32 - 36 - Coordinate Graphs 37 - 41 - Skip Counting - complete the sequence 42 - 46 - Place Value 47 - 50 - Number Words 51 - 55 - Powers of 10 56 - 60 - Adding using Place Value 61 - 70 - Fractions 71 - 75 - Fraction Word Problems 76 - 80 - Convert Fractions to Decimals 81 - 85 - Convert Decimals to Fractions 86 - 90 - Height of a figure 91 - 95 - Missing Number in an equation 96 - 100 - Balancing Equations 101 - 105 - Data Tables - ordering numbers 106 - 110 - Data Table Addition 111 - 115 - Data Table Time 116 - 120 - Data Table Subtraction 121 - 125 - Estimation Word Problems 126 - 130 - Ratio Word Problems 131 - 134 - Probability 135 - 140 - Spinner Probability 141 - 145 - Arrays 146 - 173 - Answer Keys 174 - 177 - Credits and Terms of Use Pages of Download Grade 5 Sheets: 1 - Cover 2 - For the Teacher 3 - 7 - Units of Measure 8 - 12 - Reading Graphs 13 - 17 - Number Words 18 - 22 - Place Value 23 - 27 - Decimal Place Value 28 - 32 - Rounding Numbers 33 - 37 - Complete the sequence, skip counting 38 - 42 - Solving Equations 43 - 47 - Variable Equations 48 - 52 - Simplify Expressions 53 - 57 - Finding the Mean 58 - 62 - Mean, Median, Mode 63 - 67 - Greatest Common Factor 68 - 72 - Fractions 73 - 77 - Comparing a set of Fractions 78 - 83 - Comparing Multiple Fractions 84 - 93 - Fraction Word Problems 94 - 98 - Estimating / Estimation Word Problems 99 - 103 - Possible Outcome Problems 104 - 108 - Distance Word Problems 109 - 113 - Division Word Problems 114 - 118 - Ratio Word Problems 119 - 124 - Coordinate Graphs 125 - 130 - Perimeter 131 - 135 - Area 136 - 145 Elapsed Time Clocks and Watches 146 - 171 - Answer Keys 172 - 175 - Credits and Terms of Use

From predicting the outcomes to identifying variables and finally scaffolding students learning so they can make informed conclusions, this investigation writing frame will encourage your students to focus on the specific scientific skills needed for any investigation.

The Campbell Collaboration's registry contains at least 50 entries on analogous trials in which conventional measures of academic achievement were the main outcome variable.

Our primary outcome variable is student achievement as measured by performance on standardized tests.

The outcome of the lottery, a random event, was used to create what statisticians refer to as an instrumental variable, which obtains unbiased estimates of the effects of attending private school on students» test scores.

One analysis by Eric Eide and Nick Ronan uses an instrumental variable approach to estimate the effect of participating in high school sports on long - term outcomes, like educational attainment and earnings.

Effect of selected policy changes on outcomes: Fixed effects reduced - form regression results, evaluated at 1998 level of appropriate variable

Although a host of variables intervene between educator professional learning activities and student learning, Guskey and Sparks noted three major characteristics of professional development that have a direct influence on educator learning, which indirectly leads to student outcomes.

This table reports coefficients from regressions of an indicator variable equal to 1 if the outcome test score is nonmissing on ever offer.

We treat Instrumental Variables Analysis (IV) estimates of the impact of private schooling on student outcomes, some of which are being presented for the first time in this study, as the causal «benchmark» estimate.

At any such point, is a random variable with Still conditioning on, consider counterfactual outcomes as varies over, averaging over the conditional distribution of given: There is a structural function interpretation for: within a school with, we can obtain potential expected output for various assigned values of the teacher input, holding constant the distribution of classroom characteristics (at the conditional distribution of given).

In my review I recommend analyses of international policies and practices done by Eric Hanushek, Ludger Woessmann, Martin West, Michael Kremer, Karthik Muralidharan and Charles Glenn because, unlike Tucker and other «best practices» gurus, they avoid the error of selection on the dependent variable by considering the full range of outcomes, not just focusing on successful places.

For the first analysis of data from the principal survey, our outcome variables included (1) the diversity of membership on school - site councils, and (2) the level of principals «and teachers «openness to community and parental involvement in schools.

Due to the complexity of the study, the fact that many of the classroom variables focus on grades 1 - 3 (e.g., student level of engagement, time spent in small - or whole - group instruction, preferred interaction style), and the use of different outcome measures, the kindergarten classrooms were dropped from the analysis.

For our final analysis, we conducted a stepwise regression in which the most powerful school level (systematic internal assessment and parent links) and classroom level (time in small - group instruction and time in independent reading) variables were simultaneously regressed on our most robust outcome measure, fluency as indexed by words correct per minute on a grade level passage.

A Value - Added Model (VAM) is a multivariate (multiple variable) student growth model that attempts to account or statistically control for all potential student, teacher, school, district, and external influences on outcome measures (i.e., growth in student achievement over time).

In addition, teacher - level variables did not have an effect on student outcomes.