Despite the EPA claim that Lancaster County PA is among the top ten most polluted counties in the U.S., based solely
on the ozone levels (we are a dairy farm area with lots of natural VOC's being converted to ozone) Lancaster County is literally a breath of fresh air.
Note as well that the strength of the vortex itself depends on the temperatures, which in turn depend
on the ozone levels.
These can have a limited effect
on ozone levels (by serving as hetrogeneous reaction sites) and can reflect enough of the sun's light back into space to cause a notable global cooling.
In addition, he says, since CFCs are not particularly soluble in water, they would not be present in cloud - born ice particles in very high concentrations, so the mechanism Lu and Sanche propose would not dissociate enough CFCs to have a big impact
on ozone levels.
Not exact matches
«To ask the Secretary of State for Transport whether he has requested a derogation from EU air quality legislation in relation to limits
on the
levels of pollution from (a) nitrogen dioxide, (b)
ozone and (c) other nitrogen oxides.
City Councilman Eric Ulrich (R -
Ozone Park) represents the party
on the city
level.
Recent increases in an unregulated
ozone - depleting substance, could delay recovery of Antarctic
ozone levels by 5 - 30 years, depending
on emissions scenarios.
«
Ozone recovery may be delayed by unregulated chemicals: Recent increases in an unregulated ozone - depleting substance, could delay recovery of Antarctic ozone levels by 5 - 30 years, depending on emissions scenarios.&r
Ozone recovery may be delayed by unregulated chemicals: Recent increases in an unregulated
ozone - depleting substance, could delay recovery of Antarctic ozone levels by 5 - 30 years, depending on emissions scenarios.&r
ozone - depleting substance, could delay recovery of Antarctic
ozone levels by 5 - 30 years, depending on emissions scenarios.&r
ozone levels by 5 - 30 years, depending
on emissions scenarios.»
Mark Potosnak of DePaul University in Chicago and his colleagues measured terpene emissions from plants
on sidewalks in Las Vegas, Nevada, and
ozone levels downwind.
Regulations
on VOCs vary by state, but most consumer products are regulated only for their potential contribution to ground -
level ozone, not fine particulate matter.
While the reduced depletion was due mostly to higher temperatures
on the icy continent, scientists are hopeful that the chemical
levels have dropped enough that the result is a shrinkage of the
ozone hole each season.
Some researchers have pinned the blame
on indoor air pollution and a study last year showed that when outdoor
ozone levels rose, the number of people inside suffering from so - called «sick building syndrome» also increased.
These are less reactive, which can have a positive effect
on the formation of ground -
level ozone.»
In this study in Timothy grass, researchers led by environmental health scientist Christine Rogers of the UMass Amherst School of Public Health and Health Sciences (SPHHS) determined the interactive effects of CO2 and
ozone at projected higher
levels on pollen production and concentrations of a Timothy grass pollen protein that is a major human allergen.
They found that elevated CO2 of 800 ppm, increased pollen production per flower by 53 percent while the different
ozone levels had no effect
on the amount of pollen produced.
Its contribution to heating forcing (caused by greenhouse gases, ground -
level ozone and «black carbon» [4]-RRB- is 12 %
on average.
Atmospheric scientist Maria Zatko was close to completing her thesis
on ground -
level ozone in 2014 when she learned of a perfect opportunity to fill a gap in her research
on this air pollutant.
They then compared their yearly September
ozone measurements with model simulations that predict
ozone levels based
on the amount of chlorine that scientists have estimated to be present in the atmosphere from year to year.
Houston, it turned out, had focused
on controlling the wrong emissions from the wrong sources to lower its
ozone levels, says Daniel Cohan, an associate professor of environmental engineering at Rice University.
Senator Tom Carper (DE), top Democrat
on the panel, cited an interview in which Hartnett White suggested that low -
level ozone, an air pollutant, wasn't harmful unless «you put your mouth over the tailpipe of a car for 8 hours every day.»
Despite the continuing evidence of the growing contribution of vehicle pollution to global warming, acid rain and ground
level concentrations of
ozone, there is scant sign of concerted thinking
on what should be done.
This week, without fanfare, it also started tweeting hourly data
on ground -
level ozone, the prime component of smog.
The glider will carry instruments to measure
levels of aerosols and greenhouse gases, including
ozone, methane and water vapour, and will gather information
on the exchange of gases and energy between the two lower layers of Earth's atmosphere: the troposphere and the stratosphere.
Shown are the 1988 - 2014trends in springtime
ozone levels on days that were very smoggy (top panel) and of average smogginess (bottom panel), from observations (left) and from a model built by the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (right).
On very smoggy days (top panel),
ozone levels have declined in the east, as indicated by the blue circles.
He adds: «Scientists have been so concerned about
ozone depletion that they haven't really thought about what effect such a high
ozone level could have — life
on Earth needs a certain amount of UV.»
Unlike
ozone in the stratosphere, which benefits life
on Earth by blocking ultraviolet radiation from the Sun, ground -
level ozone can trigger a number of health problems.
The report lists 30 cities that face increased health risks from heat waves worsened by global warming, based
on a combination of four factors: average number of summer days with «oppressive» summer heat, the percentage of households without central air conditioning, ground -
level ozone levels, and the percentage of households below the poverty line.
Also, the researchers referred to the US Environmental Protection Agency's Air Quality System which monitors air pollution
levels at different sites across the US, and
levels of
ozone and fine particulate matter
on a given day.
Sheffield, P. E., J. L. Carr, P. L. Kinney, and K. Knowlton, 2011: Modeling of regional climate change effects
on ground -
level ozone and childhood asthma.
EPA, 2009: Assessment of the Impacts of Global Change
on Regional U.S. Air Quality: A Synthesis of Climate Change Impacts
on Ground -
Level Ozone.
«In some sense, we might have competing effects going
on in Antarctica where there is low -
level CO2 warming but that may be swamped by the effects of
ozone depletion,» he said.
Ozone was recorded at 160 micrograms per cubic metre, a level considered moderate - to - high on the UK's pollution index and almost twice as high as Aberdeen, which had the UK's worst ozone levels at time of wri
Ozone was recorded at 160 micrograms per cubic metre, a
level considered moderate - to - high
on the UK's pollution index and almost twice as high as Aberdeen, which had the UK's worst
ozone levels at time of wri
ozone levels at time of writing.
The EPA report is concerned with the impacts that climate change can have
on atmospheric chemistry, and in particular the summertime peaks in urban ground -
level ozone which are a well - known and serious health hazard.
The Montreal Protocol had no impact
on cleaning the air, it stopped the growth of CFCs which are powerful greenhouse gases (in addition to their role in depleting stratospheric
ozone), therefore it slowed global warming, rather than increasing it, and we aren't trying to save ground -
level ozone.
Photo: «Modeling of regional climate change effects
on ground -
level ozone and childhood asthma.»
China and South Asia,
on the other hand, will see the most
ozone - related damage to wheat, rice and soybean crops because of the chronically high
levels of toxic air pollution.
And the
level of
ozone considered here would be typical for a major U.S. city
on a hot summer day, notes Fuentes.
Higher
levels of carbon dioxide, however, do have an indirect effect
on the
ozone layer in the stratosphere.
Besides showing pretty views, EPIC provides scientists with metrics
on climate such as cloud height, ultraviolet reflectivity, or
ozone and aerosol
levels.
Rising
levels of
ozone is a big and growing problem because it weakens a plant's immune system, producing brown spots
on leaves.
Federoff's team is studying Arabidopsis to find out which genes are turned
on or off by different
levels of
ozone.
North of Los Angeles, the area also has the second - highest
level of
ozone pollution in the U.S. Mountains surround the valley
on three sides, creating inversion layers that trap pollution, with little wind to carry it away.
The orange
level can cause problems in people who are sensitive to
ozone (like asthmatics), however, and
on red days he recommends that everyone stay indoors to exercise.
O'Connor lives in Philadelphia, which ranks No. 11
on the American Lung Associations list of most polluted U.S. cities in terms of unhealthy
levels of
ozone.
Shown to be safe in the body
on a cellular
level,
ozone therapy decreases inflammation.
Focusing
on the natural world, the Brazilian artist creates works that visualize changes that occur with the passage of time, like erosion, rising sea
levels, and the depletion of the
ozone layer.
It is true that the Quality Control (QC) flag
on the retrieval was set whenever the inferred
ozone level dropped below 180 Dobson Units [1 DU is equivalent to a 0.01 mm thick pure
ozone layer at standard temperature and pressure].
But what remains is that UVB
levels at ground are a function of the total
ozone column, and as that column remains very high, there is no need to panic
on an hypothetical but inexistant UVB increase.
[Response: Upper atmosphere cooling as a function of increased CO2 occurs at all
levels including the mesosphere, implying directly that the mechanism can't rely
on the presence if
ozone or absorbtion of solar uv.