Sentences with phrase «on ozone over»

We've used the NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS) climate model to examine the impact of a wetter stratosphere on climate and on ozone over populated areas (this study did not look at polar ozone).

Not exact matches

As Matthew Hoffmann has argued [2], the ozone negotiations marked a normative shift over the desirability of universal participation in global environmental negotiations, a shift that was locked into the initial negotiations on climate change.

In three separate indoor UV chambers, Benca exposed the dwarf pines to 7.5, 10 and 13 times Berkeley's normal UV - B intensity, in line with estimates of the impact Siberian Trap eruptions would have had on the ozone layer if their emissions occurred over various lengths of time, ranging from 400,000 years to less than 200,000 years.

First sighted over Antarctica in the mid-1980s, the so - called ozone hole led to an international ban on CFCs in 1987.

The newly discovered phenomenon over the South Seas boosts ozone depletion in the polar regions and could have a significant influence on the future climate of Earth — also because of rising air pollution in South East Asia.

Senator Tom Carper (DE), top Democrat on the panel, cited an interview in which Hartnett White suggested that low - level ozone, an air pollutant, wasn't harmful unless «you put your mouth over the tailpipe of a car for 8 hours every day.»

Data from observations in Japan itself show that the greatest loss of ozone — 4.5 per cent over the past 10 years — occurred over the city of Sapporo, which lies on the same latitude as Marseilles.

Between 1969 and 1989 ozone over North America and Europe in the winter - spring season declined on average by about 3 per cent per decade.

Such a standard would be based on a cumulative, weighted total of daily 12 - hour ozone exposures to plants and crops over a three - month period.

The temperature trends in Antarctica depend on the time interval and season one looks at, because certain forcings, such as ozone depletion, are particularly important over restricted past time intervals and during particular seasons.

Now that we're on ozone depletion, I read a few years ago that NOx over mid-latitudes in N. America, due to agriculture (chem fertilizers) & car - driving, was causing a thinning of the ozone layer.

Images from the latter can show how ozone amounts differ from season - to - season and how clouds are formed over volcanoes on the planet.

And finally, current theories based on greenhouse gas increases, changes in solar, volcanic, ozone, land use and aerosol forcing do a pretty good job of explaining the temperature changes over the 20th Century.

He has published over 100 articles on topics including the climatic effects of greenhouse gases, stratospheric ozone depletion, and small particles.

The debate over this may rage on in tiny pockets of the internet (and in some cases in mainstream media), but truthfully «Ozone» by Geardome skirts awfully close to art and delivers an experience that's complex and dazzling in its execution.

I was the one who first did the long term plot of springtime minimum ozone values, and this convinced Joe Farman that there really was something going on over Antarctica.

The optimism is based on the often forgotten environmental progress and victories that have been achieved over the past decades, including fixing the ozone hole, remediation of our rivers and lakes, great improvements in air quality and the rescue of many endangered species.

* The role of the US in global efforts to address pollutants that are broadly dispersed across national borders, such as greenhouse gasses, persistent organic pollutants, ozone, etc...; * How they view a president's ability to influence national science policy in a way that will persist beyond their term (s), as would be necessary for example to address global climate change or enhancement of science education nationwide; * Their perspective on the relative roles that scientific knowledge, ethics, economics, and faith should play in resolving debates over embryonic stem cell research, evolution education, human population growth, etc... * What specific steps they would take to prevent the introduction of political or economic bias in the dissemination and use of scientific knowledge; * (and many more...)

Also, due to the multiplicity of anthropogenic and natural effects on the climate over this time (i.e. aerosols, land - use change, greenhouse gases, ozone changes, solar, volcanic etc.) it is difficult to accurately define the forcings.

There were early bans on CFC aerosol propellants and actions by environmentalists, together with the predictable opposition of vested interests; but the «tipping point» was the discovery by British Antarctic survey scientists of an «ozone hole» over Antartica in October 1984.

But then the other thing going on is those same protons run to the closing isobars of the earth EMF away from the tropics, and there reduce ozone, and create over time a concentration of ozone over the tropics, thereby increasing the intensity of the ITCZ and increasing tropical storm probabilities, as the wind then wanes under 500.

Warming must occur below the tropopause to increase the net LW flux out of the tropopause to balance the tropopause - level forcing; there is some feedback at that point as the stratosphere is «forced» by the fraction of that increase which it absorbs, and a fraction of that is transfered back to the tropopause level — for an optically thick stratosphere that could be significant, but I think it may be minor for the Earth as it is (while CO2 optical thickness of the stratosphere alone is large near the center of the band, most of the wavelengths in which the stratosphere is not transparent have a more moderate optical thickness on the order of 1 (mainly from stratospheric water vapor; stratospheric ozone makes a contribution over a narrow wavelength band, reaching somewhat larger optical thickness than stratospheric water vapor)(in the limit of an optically thin stratosphere at most wavelengths where the stratosphere is not transparent, changes in the net flux out of the stratosphere caused by stratospheric warming or cooling will tend to be evenly split between upward at TOA and downward at the tropopause; with greater optically thickness over a larger fraction of optically - significant wavelengths, the distribution of warming or cooling within the stratosphere will affect how such a change is distributed, and it would even be possible for stratospheric adjustment to have opposite effects on the downward flux at the tropopause and the upward flux at TOA).

As for longer trends, there are of course other factors that could play a role, but you perhaps don't realise that the association of the trends over the last few decades with human forcings (which include other GHGs, aerosols, land use, ozone depletion etc.) are not just based on a correlations.

And then I met Erik Conway, and Erik had made the link to what had happened over the ozone hole, and then we started doing research, started digging a little bit, found this link for Fred Seitz back to the tobacco industry, and that I remember very clearly because I remember that day, I called Erik on the phone and I said, «Erik, we need to write a book.»

«Since they've descended on this blog to troll, I've found that many of the climate change skeptics here still think that tobacco has no link with cancer, still think that acid rain and the ozone hole don't exist, and still think that the DDT ban was just «The Man» trying to exert power over the little guy.

On the onset of spring, when the Sun comes up over the polar night but the air is still winter - cold, over the Arctic all conditions can suddenly be met to set the catalytic ozone breakdown reaction in motion: sunlight, moist, CFKs [yes, they're still around] and temperatures of -90 ºC (or colder).

The Polar Environment Atmospheric Research Laboratory (PEARL) in Eureka, Nunavut, which made key measurements last winter used to detect and analyze the largest ozone hole ever detected over the Arctic, will cease year - round operations on April 30.

, lightning related insurance claims, Lyme disease, Malaria, malnutrition, Maple syrup shortage, marine diseases, marine food chain decimated, Meaching (end of the world), megacryometeors, Melanoma, methane burps, melting permafrost, migration, microbes to decompose soil carbon more rapidly, more bad air days, more research needed, mountains break up, mudslides, next ice age, Nile delta damaged, no effect in India, nuclear plants bloom, ocean acidification, outdoor hockey threatened, oyster diseases, ozone loss, ozone repair slowed, ozone rise, pests increase, plankton blooms, plankton loss, plant viruses, polar tours scrapped, psychosocial disturbances, railroad tracks deformed, rainfall increase, rainfall reduction, refugees, release of ancient frozen viruses, resorts disappear, rift on Capitol Hill, rivers raised, rivers dry up, rockfalls, rocky peaks crack apart, Ross river disease, salinity reduction, Salmonella, sea level rise, sex change, ski resorts threatened, smog, snowfall increase, snowfall reduction, societal collapse, songbirds change eating habits, sour grapes, spiders invade Scotland, squid population explosion, spectacular orchids, tectonic plate movement, ticks move northward (Sweden), tides rise, tree beetle attacks, tree foliage increase (UK), tree growth slowed, trees less colourful, trees more colourful, tropics expansion, tsunamis, Venice flooded, volcanic eruptions, walrus pups orphaned, wars over water, water bills double, water supply unreliability, water scarcity (20 % of increase), weeds, West Nile fever, whales move north, wheat yields crushed in Australia, white Christmas dream ends, wildfires, wine — harm to Australian industry, wine industry damage (California), wine industry disaster (US), wine — more English, wine — no more French, wind shift, winters in Britain colder, wolves eat more moose, wolves eat less, workers laid off, World bankruptcy, World in crisis, Yellow fever.

He has published over 100 articles on topics including the climatic effects of greenhouse gases, stratospheric ozone depletion, and small particles.

Tagaris, E., K. Manomaiphiboon, K. J. Liao, L. R. Leung, J. H. Woo, S. He, P. Amar, and A. G. Russell, 2007: Impacts of global climate change and emissions on regional ozone and fine particulate matter concentrations over the United States.

Impacts of global climate change and emissions on regional ozone and fine particulate matter concentrations over the United States

The Hill reports, «Republican lawmakers are planning an all - out assault on Obama's environmental agenda, including rules on mercury and other air toxics from power plants, limits on ground - level ozone that causes smog, mountaintop mining restrictions and the EPA's attempt to redefine its jurisdiction over streams and ponds.»

He says that the increased solar brightness over the past 20 years has not been enough to cause the observed climate changes, but believes that the impact of intense sunshine on the ozone layer and cloud cover could be affecting the climate more than the sunlight itself.

Nevertheless, even the potential for drastic ozone loss is scary enough to warrant a lot more research — and since nobody knows how soon an ozone hole might open up over New York or Chicago or Miami, it makes sense to get on it.

As of this writing, there is observational and modeling evidence that: 1) both annular modes are sensitive to month - to - month and year - to - year variability in the stratospheric flow (see section on Stratosphere / troposphere coupling, below); 2) both annular modes have exhibited long term trends which may reflect the impact of stratospheric ozone depletion and / or increased greenhouse gases (see section on Climate Change, below); and 3) the NAM responds to changes in the distribution of sea - ice over the North Atlantic sector.

As part of my degree, I completed a project on changes in surface ultraviolet radiation and ozone depletion over Melbourne.

The change in total solar irradiance over recent 11 - year sunspot cycles amounts to < 0.1 %, but greater changes at ultraviolet wavelengths may have substantial impacts on stratospheric ozone concentrations, thereby altering both stratospheric and tropospheric circulation patterns... This model prediction is supported by paleoclimatic proxy reconstructions over the past millennium.

Over the last 21 years global implementation of the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer (Montreal Protocol) as successfully phased out the consumption and production of ozone - depleting substances (ODS) by 95 % in developed countries and 50 - 75 % of the ODS in developing countOzone Layer (Montreal Protocol) as successfully phased out the consumption and production of ozone - depleting substances (ODS) by 95 % in developed countries and 50 - 75 % of the ODS in developing countozone - depleting substances (ODS) by 95 % in developed countries and 50 - 75 % of the ODS in developing countries.

Drawing on case studies of past environmental debates such as those over acid rain and ozone depletion, science policy experts Roger Pielke Jr. and Daniel Sarewitz argue that once next generation technologies are available that make meaningful action on climate change lower - cost, then much of the argument politically over scientific uncertainty is likely to diminish.26 Similarly, research by Yale University's Dan Kahan and colleagues suggest that building political consensus on climate change will depend heavily on advocates for action calling attention to a diverse mix of options, with some actions such as tax incentives for nuclear energy, government support for clean energy research, or actions to protect cities and communities against climate risks, more likely to gain support from both Democrats and Republicans.

The second factor is the insulating effect of the atmosphere of which well over 90 % results from atmospheric water in the form of clouds and water vapour with the remaining 10 % due primarily from CO2 and ozone with just a slightly detectable effect from methane and a trivial effect from all the other gases named in tyhe Kyoto Accord that is so small it can't even be detected on measurements of the Earth's radiative spectrum.

On ground level ozone they say they have a high confidence that the base line will change over the 21st century from either slightly less to slightly more, but it won't be exactly the same.

Three British scientists shocked the world when they revealed on May 16th, 1985 — 25 years ago — that aerosol chemicals, among other factors, had torn a hole in the ozone layer over the South Pole.

As the Antarctic sea ice reached record levels, scientists floated several hypotheses, including possible changes in the ozone hole over Antarctica, or increased amounts of fresh water — which freezes more easily — on the surface of the ocean around Antarctica.

22 Ozone in the stratosphere filters out much of the harmful ultraviolet radiation from the sun View Figure 25 on page 379 of your textbook In the 1970s scientists noticed that the ozone layer over Antarctica was growing thinner OZONE DEPLOzone in the stratosphere filters out much of the harmful ultraviolet radiation from the sun View Figure 25 on page 379 of your textbook In the 1970s scientists noticed that the ozone layer over Antarctica was growing thinner OZONE DEPLOzone in the stratosphere filters out much of the harmful ultraviolet radiation from the sun View Figure 25 on page 379 of your textbook In the 1970s scientists noticed that the ozone layer over Antarctica was growing thinner OZONE DEPLozone layer over Antarctica was growing thinner OZONE DEPLozone layer over Antarctica was growing thinner OZONE DEPLOZONE DEPLOZONE DEPLETION

a keep point to think about ------ in winter over the Arctic ---- there is no sunshine ---- 24 hours a day of darkness ------ so what happens the Ozone it dissipates during the time period of no sun shine ------ does the lack of Ozone to harm us ---- as it is not blocking the UV radiation ---- there is no sun shine so all is fine ---- when spring comes and the sun is shining and UV radiation is present ------ guess what ---- the Ozone is created ---- and blocks the UV radiation -------- this has been going on for millions of years ---- this yearly cycle

As obvious on figures 6 - A and 6 - B, Ttop and Ptop are determined by the water vapour that radiates over some 1900 cm - 1 much more than the 40 cm - 1 of the tropospheric CO2 near 614 cm - 1 and 718 cm - 1.; stratospheric radiation to the cosmos is not very important because the cooling of each layer is exactly equal to its heating mostly by UV absorbed by Ozone.

As for the ozone hole over Antarctica, scientists have only recently started to quantify the impact of ozone depletion and recovery on the surface climate.

While the results do not show a significant impact on human health, especially considering that most of the ozone loss documented in this study occurs over the northern polar region, they are important scientifically.

«A lot of impacts on ozone, like those caused by humans, are very subtle and happen over long periods of time,» says Jackman.

A satellite view of the status of the ozone layer over the Antarctic pole on Aug. 5.