In the case before the Court, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers v. Hawkes Co., the Corps issued a JD asserting jurisdiction over wetlands
on a peat mine in Minnesota.
Already about 33 % of all oil palm is
on peat, according to Wetlands International.
65 % of the world's tropical peatlands are located in Indonesia, and when plantations are established
on peat, emissions are even worse.
Oil palm plantations grown in place of natural forest are indisputably a source of CO2 to the atmosphere, particularly if they are grown
on peat.
But this is the really short version in regards to climate change: When you chop down the forests grown
on peat and drain the land to depths sufficient for oil palm cultivation, the soil starts oxidizing and releasing massive amounts of CO2.
Good that this loophole's been closed: As Wetlands International reports agricultural plantations
on peat soils — those in Southeast Asia for palm oil or other industrial agriculture
In fact, it is likely that despite any added wealth brought in by expanding palm oil plantations
on peat soils, the negative effects of climate change will wipe it all away.
Helicopters are dropping bales containing billions of heather seeds
on the peat bogs in the Midlands of England.
There are ways to grow oil palms in sustainable ways, but clearing large areas of forest growing
on peat soils, further endangering wildlife (the orangutan being the most prominent example), and destroying biodiversity in general is not the way to do it.
But a study published today in the National Academy of Sciences, found that half of oil palm plantations in Indonesian Borneo were established
on peat lands.
«One unexpected research result comes from one of the new studies conducted in a drained oil palm plantation
on peat in Indonesia,» says Hergoualc» h.
(The NYT - owned Boston Globe ran a similar photo and story in yesterday's paper
on the peat moss in the Arctic.
A new study by researchers at the University of South Carolina and University of California Los Angeles challenges that notion, and demonstrates that the effect of temperature increases
on peat storage could be minor.
This indicates oxygen exposure time was the primary control
on peat decomposition, while temperature was of secondary importance.
The precise long - term consequences of such thawing
on peat stores in the Arctic are still unclear.
Not exact matches
It could be that we're
on the verge of a three -
peat!
Carrefour published its Sourcing Policy
on Sustainable Palm Oil in 2014 which includes the RSPO standard and additional criteria such as protection of
peat lands and high carbon stock areas.
«I planted habanero seeds in flats under grow lights
on February 15,» he told us, «and transplanted the seedlings into four - inch
peat pots
on March 15.
This report provides an independent review of available scientific information and published literature
on impacts of the use of tropical
peat for oil palm cultivation in Southeast Asia.
The company is a signatory of the 2014 New York Declaration
on Forests and has made a long - term commitment to only buy palm oil whose production doesn't lead to deforestation, fire or loss of
peat land.
TheKelangais a type of marshy forest formed when silt or sand from the mountains settles in the valley over a non-porous bed of clay; plant life roots in the
peat that builds up
on the surface.
You can only drink so much coffee, even when it's well made and there's a fine glowing
peat fire to sit beside and half a nor «westerly gale straight from Greenland kicking up big green rollers
on the beaches of the peninsula.
The Warriors have won two titles in three seasons and are only a couple of plays removed from working
on a four -
peat.
I kissed my brother
on the cheek and began skipping like a child up and down the concourse, screaming about how Bama's run to a three -
peat was over.
On the Women's side, Serena Williams will be looking for a three -
peat (please don't sue us Pat Riley) this year and is listed as the favorite at +125.
Meanwhile, Love, 28, went
on a tear himself, taking home huge checks by comfortable margins in three of four tries, including the winner's share he collected in March at the TPC (by four shots), in April at the Heritage (by four) and at his Greensboro III -
peat (by six).
The world No. 1 would join the likes of legends Annika Sorenstam, Patty Berg, Louise Suggs and Lorena Ochoa in the three -
peat club should she go back - to - back - to - back
on Sunday.
Topsoil with
peat moss is another good thing to throw
on there if you want extra insurance
on those plants.
A study published in August 2017 in Global Change Biology used data
on where water accumulates and how it flows across the landscape to predict where
peat might be hiding in tropical regions.
Jonathan Nichols, a Lamont - Doherty Earth Observatory Research Professor at Columbia University who specializes in climate science, focuses his research
on whether warming temperatures will cause Arctic
peat bogs to decay or expand due to improved growing conditions, a question that could alter the levels of carbon the bogs have long absorbed.
If we can conserve that forest or wetlands or grasslands that are being lost and emitting CO2 into the atmosphere, we are also conserving habitat for the wildlife of the Earth; so Congo basin, Amazon rainforest, the wetlands of Southeast Asia, the
peat forests of Southeast Asia and
on and
on — and also the Alaskan frontier.
Removing
peat,
on the other hand, could mean the loss of 250 to 350 tons.
The team of researchers, from the Universities of Gloucestershire, Aberdeen and Plymouth, conducted studies
on past climate through detailed laboratory examination of
peat from a bog near Ushuaia, Tierra del Fuego.
Many materials can sustain a smouldering reaction, including coal, tobacco, wood, biomass fuels
on the forest surface (duff) and subsurface (
peat), cotton clothing and string, and polymeric foams (e.g. upholstery and bedding materials).
Two principal techniques were used to reconstruct past climates over the past 3000 years: at close intervals throughout a vertical column of
peat, the researchers investigated the degree of
peat decomposition, which is directly related to climate, and also examined the
peat matrix to reveal the changing amounts of different plants that previously grew
on the bog.
«No plant genus is more important as a carbon balance
on Earth than
peat mosses.
Other researchers uncovered clues, such as plant fossils from
peat bogs, that suggest mean annual temperatures
on Canada's now - frozen Ellesmere Island near Greenland were as much as 18 degrees higher than today (SN: 4/6/13, p. 9).
Many of the wildfires occur
on land that has deep reserves of
peat, which is rich in carbon.
In the study, published
on October 14 in PLOS ONE, Rutgers researchers found that the density of Bornean orangutans is almost two times greater in an Indonesian
peat - swamp forest — just 39 miles from similar surroundings where orangutans must survive
on thousands of calories less each day for most of the year.
«To investigate the impact such a large climatic and environmental shift had
on Europe, we analysed the elemental makeup of a
peat bog in the Eastern Carpathians, Romania.
A
peat bog in Romania provides a new insight into our knowledge of when the Sahara began to transform from grassland into the desert we know today, and the impact this had
on dust deposition within Eastern Europe.
But
on the other side of the road that bisects the moor lies a further 2500 hectares, a wasteland of bare
peat that Fisons will be allowed to continue cutting until there is just half a metre of
peat remaining — provided that there is a market for its product.
It could be a different story
on large expanses of bare
peat left behind by modern milling operations.
Much of the argument hangs
on how far it is possible to rehabilitate
peat workings to create new bog.
But only
on condition that Fisons is allowed to continue cutting over a large area until most of the
peat has gone.
Written by a commission of 25 biologists and industrialists brought together by conservation bodies, it calls
on the government to revoke all planning permission for
peat cutting
on bogs with conservation value, and to pay compensation where due.
Unilever was also a player in palm oil trader Wilmar's recent agreement to adopt a no - deforestation policy, which prohibits its suppliers from establishing plantations
on lands with large amounts of carbon — like
peat soils — or lands with a high conservation value (ClimateWire, Dec. 8, 2013).
With the backdrop of massive
peat land fires sending carbon into the atmosphere and the fast - approaching U.N. climate talks, environmental advocates expect today's visit between Indonesian President Joko «Jokowi» Widodo and President Obama to touch
on climate change and deforestation challenges.
On Friday, Jokowi announced radical steps to address the annual
peat land fires.
The research focuses
on 56
peat bogs throughout Europe existing under different climatic and environmental conditions, a scope that could be «unprecedented» in the study of peatlands, according to Mike Waddington, a wetlands expert at McMaster University in Canada, who was not involved with the research.