Sentences with phrase «on radiation change»

We find that the major effects of clouds on radiation change are linked to known physical processes that are quite consistently simulated by models.

Not exact matches

They create no changes in gravitational pull, solar radiation, planetary orbits, or anything else that would impact life on Earth.

There was also no change based on whether patients had undergone hormone therapy, a common treatment for prostate cancer which lowers the male hormone and can be combined with daily radiation.

In his call for practice change, Bekelman cites research showing the shorter radiation treatment — known as moderate hypofractionation — is just as effective at treating cancer, while costing less and easing the burden on patients.

Earlier studies on the sensitivity of tropical cyclones to past climates have only analyzed the effect of changes in the solar radiation from orbital forcing on the formation of tropical cyclones, without considering the feedbacks associated to the consequent greening of the Sahara.

Other recent research on geoengineering using solar radiation management has also found that if the practice did begin but was then stopped, it could lead to rapid climate change with potentially hazardous consequences (ClimateWire, Nov. 27, 2013).

The Sun's activity — including changes in the number of sunspots, levels of radiation and ejection of material - varies on an eleven - year cycle, driven by changes in its magnetic field.

The impact of grain size on albedo — the ratio between reflected and incoming solar radiation — is strong in the infrared range, where humans can't see, but satellite instruments can detect the change.

«Until the 1990s, we thought that the Van Allen belts were pretty well - behaved and changed slowly,» said Geoff Reeves, the first author on the paper and a radiation belt scientist at Los Alamos National Laboratory in Los Alamos, N.M. «With more and more measurements, however, we realized how quickly and unpredictably the radiation belts changed.

The recent declines and disappearances of many frogs, toads, and salamanders have been blamed on a number of causes, including pathogenic infection, pesticides, pollutants, increased UV radiation from ozone depletion, and local drought spurred by climate change.

The plants seem to be protecting themselves from Chernobyl's low - level radiation, says Hajduch, but no one knows how these protein changes translate into survival, or if they'll be passed on to the plants» offspring.

In addition we received detailed data on changes in the thermal radiation reaching the seawater through the ice.»

The scientists worked with model bacteria that are representative of the sort of microbial lifeforms that might be expected to have emerged on Mars and used a Raman spectrometer to track how the detectable signal from them changed with increasing exposure to radiation.

Using this input, a sophisticated computer model developed at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, was used to determine which areas receive direct sunlight, how much solar radiation reaches the surface, and how the conditions change over the course of a year on Ceres.

This evolutionary radiation revealed several new animal body plans, and changed life on Earth forever, as complex animals with specialized guts and behavioural features emerged.

Given the revised timeline in this region, Willenbring and colleagues determined that the increased precipitation resulted from changes in the intensity of the sun's radiation on the Earth, which is based on the planet's tilt in orbit.

They then measured how changing the cosmological constant affected the universe's density, paying particular attention to what that meant about gamma ray bursts raining down radiation on stars and planets.

Such electrons in Earth's outer radiation belt can exhibit pronounced increases in intensity, in response to activity on the sun, and changes in the solar wind — but the dominant physical mechanisms responsible for such radiation belt electron acceleration has remained unresolved for decades.

On the other hand, ionizing radiation such as x-rays and the used in CT scans or gamma - ray Mammograms do have enough power to change matter, because the wavelength is low and of high energy.

«We're interested in the radiation damage case in particular, but other applications might include studying low - temperature phase change materials, or real - time monitoring of oxide layer formation on steel alloys,» he said.

The theory was that sudden inflation, based on Einstein's theory of relativity, should cause an onslaught of gravitational waves that ultimately would change the polarity of the background radiation, leaving behind a distinctive swirling pattern.

(2) One can empirically estimate climate sensitivity on different time scales, by comparing actual temperature variations to estimated changes in the radiation budget.

On the other hand, they do claim the greater changes were perhaps due to forcings & factors (solar radiation & volcanos), so would this then show greater climate sensitivity both to nature & us?

In addition, researchers calculated the changes in the shortwave and longwave and net radiation between the pre-industrial simulation and the present - day simulations to estimate the radiative forcing resulting from the aerosol effects on cirrus clouds.

The discovery team presumes that VP113 has an icy reflective surface like other relatively small, outer Solar System objects, as the dwarf planet is observed to have a pink tinge, which is hypothesized to result from chemical changes produced by the effect of radiation on frozen water, methane, and carbon dioxide.

Forster and Gregory (2006) estimate ECS based on radiation budget data from the ERBE combined with surface temperature observations based on a regression approach, using the observation that there was little change in aerosol forcing over that time.

Exposure to radiation (although considered minute), cramped spaces, and potential infections (from other passengers on the plane), and the stress of changing time zones (forcing your circadian hormone levels to adjust) can all add up to quite a stress, especially for frequent fliers.

The effect of mangiferin on wrinkle formation, skin thickness, and changes in collagen fibres in hairless mice exposed to UV radiation was tested.

Seattle, WA About Blog Find stories on land use, climate change, air and water quality, radiation, toxins and other environmental issues.

This balance is on long time - scales changed by natural effects (variations of solar radiation and feedbacks, see question 1).

While on the subject: Could I ask your take on Erlykin et al. 2011, in particular their finding that any effect of cosmic radiation is limited to 1 % of cloud cover, and their estimate that any temperature increase due to such a mechanism over the past 50 years of barely changing CR is limited to 0.002 °C?

How do you explain the measured changes in the radiation profile TOA that are in accordance to predictions based on Greenhouse gas theory?

«Thus changes in the pattern of R could directly influence that of precipitation, regardless of any impact on the global mean radiation budget.»

Refraction, specifically the real component of refraction n (describes bending of rays, wavelength changes relative to a vacuum, affects blackbody fluxes and intensities — as opposed to the imaginary component, which is related to absorption and emission) is relatively unimportant to shaping radiant fluxes through the atmosphere on Earth (except on the small scale processes where it (along with difraction, reflection) gives rise to scattering, particularly of solar radiation — in that case, the effect on the larger scale can be described by scattering properties, the emergent behavior).

* An international project of the Arctic Council and the International Arctic Science Committee (IASC), to evaluate and synthesize knowledge on climate variability, climate change, and increased ultraviolet radiation and their consequences.

During that process, upward LW radiation reaching the upper atmosphere will increase (depending on albedo / solar heating feedbacks), which will change the equilibrium temperature of the upper atmopshere again.

First, for changing just CO2 forcing (or CH4, etc, or for a non-GHE forcing, such as a change in incident solar radiation, volcanic aerosols, etc.), there will be other GHE radiative «forcings» (feedbacks, though in the context of measuring their radiative effect, they can be described as having radiative forcings of x W / m2 per change in surface T), such as water vapor feedback, LW cloud feedback, and also, because GHE depends on the vertical temperature distribution, the lapse rate feedback (this generally refers to the tropospheric lapse rate, though changes in the position of the tropopause and changes in the stratospheric temperature could also be considered lapse - rate feedbacks for forcing at TOA; forcing at the tropopause with stratospheric adjustment takes some of that into account; sensitivity to forcing at the tropopause with stratospheric adjustment will generally be different from sensitivity to forcing without stratospheric adjustment and both will generally be different from forcing at TOA before stratospheric adjustment; forcing at TOA after stratospehric adjustment is identical to forcing at the tropopause after stratospheric adjustment).

It focuses on the changes between 1995 and 2002, over which time good surface radiation budget observations are available.

«If there are no while zones on top of the volcanoes, the solar radiation is absorbed, which generated an increase in temperature and local climate change, like desertification or the inhibition of pluvial precipitation,» Degaldo told SciDev.net in an interview.

By the way, my arguments assume that tokamak physics and technology works well and is reasonably simple, meaning that not many more components will have to be added to the system to allow it to operate on a steady basis for very long periods of time between the long shutdowns needed to change out radiation - damaged, radioactive materials.

I support his findings on the basis that convective changes will always adjust the balance between radiation and conduction within the Earth system so as to match energy out to space with energy in from space.

«But as I commented at scienceprogress, the way I see the ledger, the religious Right gets a handful of anti-science points for views on evolution (and related rationalizations about the age of the earth, etc.), and for some dismissal of climate change theory, but the Left gets many more anti-science points for exaggerating the health and ecological risks of POPs; DDT; GMOs; plastics and plasticizers; pesticide residues; conventional agriculture; low - dose EM radiation; high - tension powerlines; climate change; population growth; resource depletion; chemical sweeteners; species extinction rates; biodiversity decline; and I'm sure the list could go on.

In particular, the authors find fault with IPCC's conclusions relating to human activities being the primary cause of recent global warming, claiming, contrary to significant evidence that they tend to ignore, that the comparatively small influences of natural changes in solar radiation are dominating the influences of the much larger effects of changes in the atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations on the global energy balance.

So if there were, say, a decadal - scale 1 % -2 % reduction in cloud cover that allowed more SW radiation to penetrate into the ocean (as has been observed since the 1980s), do you think this would have an impact of greater magnitude on the heat in the oceans than a change of, say, +10 ppm (0.00001) in the atmospheric CO2 concentration?

To me, it is more likely the fluctuation in E-UV coming from the sun that causes the warming and cooling effects by changing the reactions that are happening on TOA, i.e. O3, HxOx and NOx are rising now, causing more back radiation of F - UV, meaning less energy going in the oceans.

The result: 1 W / m2 change of the greenhouse effect has the same influence on the equilibrium as 1 W / m2 change of the non-reflected solar radiation.

This is the portion of temperature change that is imposed on the ocean - atmosphere - land system from the outside and it includes contributions from anthropogenic increases in greenhouse gasses, aerosols, and land - use change as well as changes in solar radiation and volcanic aerosols.

The only thing we will not be actively engaged in is what are the causes of the temperature changes on the planet: how much is CO2, how much is solar radiation, how much is cosmic rays.

The physics of greenhouse gases (= by definition gases that absorb thermal radiation) is essential to get appropriate physical models explaining the observations quantitatively and allow to evaluate what happen on changed conditions by virtual experiments.

PHYS.org: Changes in solar radiation, known as solar forcing, have had only a very small effect on climate change, a member of the UN's top panel of climate scientists said today.