Roads are directly responsible for the deaths of reptiles and amphibians in Massachusetts during
seasonal migrations to nesting sites,
seasonal migrations from uplands to breeding wetlands, movement between wetlands and thermoregulation (basking)
on road surfaces.
Locally, declining sea ice is affecting the feeding and
migration patterns of polar bears, whales, walrus and seals, and the people who live in the Arctic and rely
on seasonal ice for their livelihoods.
For example, reductions in
seasonal sea ice cover and higher surface temperatures may open up new habitat in polar regions for some important fish species, such as cod, herring, and pollock.128 However, continued presence of cold bottom - water temperatures
on the Alaskan continental shelf could limit northward
migration into the northern Bering Sea and Chukchi Sea off northwestern Alaska.129, 130 In addition, warming may cause reductions in the abundance of some species, such as pollock, in their current ranges in the Bering Sea131and reduce the health of juvenile sockeye salmon, potentially resulting in decreased overwinter survival.132 If ocean warming continues, it is unlikely that current fishing pressure
on pollock can be sustained.133 Higher temperatures are also likely to increase the frequency of early Chinook salmon
migrations, making management of the fishery by multiple user groups more challenging.134