In a 2008 paper in Science, Parkin and colleagues demonstrated the beginnings of a racetrack memory based not
on skyrmions, but on magnetic features called domain walls, which separate regions with different directions of magnetization in a material.
A microwave nano - oscillator based
on skyrmions could operate at three resonant frequencies, corresponding to the three modes.
Not exact matches
Today, the idea — with and without
skyrmions — has caught
on.
On traditional hard drives, the magnetic regions that store data are about 10 times as large as the smallest
skyrmions.
On the racetrack,
skyrmions might hit a wall instead of staying in their lanes.
Now, researchers are seeking new kinds of
skyrmions that stay
on track.
But physicists are now fashioning a new parallel system called spintronics — of which
skyrmions are a part — based
on the motion of electron spin, that property that makes atoms magnetic (SN Online: 9/26/17).
Physicists are now
on the hunt for
skyrmions within a different realm: antiferromagnetic materials.
In racetrack devices, information - holding
skyrmions would speed along a magnetic nanoribbon, like cars
on the Indianapolis Motor Speedway.
The researchers focused
on a type of
skyrmion called the Néel
skyrmion, which exists in ultrathin films deposited
on metals with a strong DMI.
When the scientists switched
on a specially designed magnetic field, the spins arranged into a twisting structure of loops, knotting up into a configuration known as a Shankar
skyrmion.
Hall and colleagues created their
skyrmion in a state of matter called a Bose - Einstein condensate, composed of atoms cooled to a temperature so low that they all take
on the same quantum state and begin acting as if they are one unified entity (SN: 10/13/01, p. 230).
«The measurements show that the
skyrmions move
on a very complex trajectory, a so - called hypo - cycloid,» says Krüger.
In order to use
skyrmions as a storage medium, it must be possible to manufacture the surfaces or interfaces
on a sufficiently large scale, they must contain enough of the magnetic material, and the magnetic vortex must also occur at room temperature.
However, there is still a long way to go until the first memory applications based
on magnetic
skyrmions are produced.
Skyrmions, for example, are a kind of nanomagnet, composed of a spin - correlated ensemble of electrons acting as a topological magnet
on certain microscopic surfaces.
«Our new method is the simplest way to generate
skyrmion bubbles thus far,» said Argonne postdoctoral researcher Wanjun Jiang, the first author
on the study.