As plant species spread from their nutrient - rich tropical origins, however, the root tips of plants such as the desert shrub species Tamarix ramosissima (left of largest cross section) evolved to be thinner so they could more efficiently explore soil for nutrients, and they have less dependence
on symbiotic fungi.
In addition, as plants spread into unpredictable environments such as arid deserts they grew less dependent
on the symbiotic fungi — or mycorrhiza — that colonize roots and help host plants obtain the essential plant nutrients nitrogen and phosphorus.
The cross sections above show that the roots of plants such as the subtropical oak species Lithocarpus chintungensis (largest cross section, center left) and the tropical species Parashorea chinensis (lower - right of largest cross section) retained their ancestral thickness and reliance
on the symbiotic fungi (purple ring) that surround the root to help it obtain nutrients.
Root tips in these biomes evolved to be thinner so they could more efficiently explore soil for every unit of carbon the plant expends, and they have less dependence
on symbiotic fungi.
Young orchids depend entirely
on symbiotic fungi to provide energy for growth, and new research shows that those fungi are finicky, preferring older forests.
Not exact matches
The presence of the Sciaphila yakushimensis, a parasitic species that relies
on fungal hosts, is also evidence that a hidden network of
symbiotic relationships between
fungi and roots (mycorrhizae) exists in the lowland primeval forests of Yakushima.
Frogs and salamanders have
symbiotic bacteria growing
on their skin, defending them against the
fungus.
The 25,000 or so species can be found
on every continent, where they grow with the help of
symbiotic fungi that nourish them with carbohydrates.
She is also interested in the
symbiotic fungi that live
on the roots of the leatherwood shrub.
Exploiting habitats that are often or mostly out of water required new
symbiotic relationships to contain and move water, including the fusion of some
fungi and algae to create lichen in communities with bacteria that survive extreme desiccation
on land while breaking down rock into soil, and the association of mycorrhizae
fungi and the root tissue of new vascular plants — culminating in trees that pump water high into the air — to exchange mineral nutrients (e.g., phosphorus) and usable «fixed» nitrogen from the atmosphere for photosynthetic products.
Postdoctoral researcher Allyson MacLean, working with BTI Professor Maria Harrison, was the runner - up for her speech
on the
symbiotic relationship between plant roots and
fungi entitled «The 400 million - year - old marriage.»
What's the
symbiotic relationship that exists between
fungus and the flora that grows
on Fraser Island?
Focusing
on the (dangerous) intimacy of the organic and inorganic bodies — the leaking, the digesting, the resonant — the work grows into systems that take the likeness of a mycorrhiza, the
symbiotic body of plant and
fungi, and thus resists traditional narratives.
Even the lichens (
symbiotic organsism made of
fungus and an algae or bacteria) that survive
on the rocky debris, or moraine, that forms around a glacier have a story to tell.