Deena specifically chose to study and practice Marriage and Family Therapy because she was drawn to using an approach based
on Systems Theory to address individual, couple and family problems.
The reverse is also true: some process thinkers have had an impact
on systems theory.
Ecological views based
on systems theory may be found in von Bertalanffy, Ludwig, General Systems Theory (New York: Braziller, 1968).
I have chosen four such frameworks that constitute important perspectives in their own right: modernization theory, world - system theory, what I will call «structural contingency» theory, and some recent work
on systems theory and the lifeworld.
5 Laszlo defends his praxis approach against his critics in a review essay, «Some Reflections
on Systems Theory's Critics» (NS 49f.).
Tim, fascinating information
on systems theory!
Not exact matches
It was that skeptical mindset of questioning 18 th - century medical treatments that led Hahnemann to propose his new
system, homeopathy, based
on his «like cures like»
theory.
Invoking history, physics, biology, climatology and his background in complex
systems to debunk neoclassical economics, Orrell makes a plea for an unorthodox economics, one drawing
on ethics and environmentalism as well as emerging areas of mathematics like non-linear dynamics and network
theory.
That a passing bird dropping stale bread can neutralize a multi-billion dollar scientific facility comes as no surprise to anyone who has experienced delay
on the Toronto subway — where flakes of snow can shut down the
system for months — but two scientists have come up with a novel alternative
theory for the disruption: time traveling terrorists.
His published research has focused
on exchange rate and monetary
theory and policy in open economies, the international monetary
system and financial stability.
Dowd has written extensively
on the history and
theory of free banking / private money, central banking, financial regulation, and commodity monetary
systems.
«In essence, it is a synthesis of the results obtained by Greek astronomy...
On the motions of the Sun, Moon, and planets, Ptolemy again extended the observations and conclusions of Hipparchus — this time to formulate his geocentric
theory, which is popularly known as the Ptolemaic
system» (15th edition, 1975, Macropaedia, Vol.
It really does nt matter what my beliefs
system was, let's just say it was based
on chaos
theory and science as applied to occult arts, I have since moved
on to more pragmatic beliefs but I clearly recall how oppressive they were and surprised at how much propaganda they spread that was based
on their ignorance.
However, this
theory appeared to overlook the actual power of discipline which was carried
on by the civil magistrates in the earlier Congregational
system.
Regardless of whatever Hitler claimed his official belief
system was, you have conceded that he did base his policies, very much,
on science, reason, eugenics, and the
theory of evolution.
In
theory, this
system can go
on forever.
And
on this very day are bound together through a complex
system of acquired / learned expression through a more simpler medium of binary transports and constructs to counter one
theory over another.
After Lewis Ford's genetic investigations in The Emergence of Whitehead's Metaphysics, I think there can be little question that Whitehead intended his
theory of perception to be independent of his
system.3 Ford calls PR II.4.5 - 8 & II.8 the «Original Treatise
on Perception» and shows that Symbolism is a revision of it.
In particular, Mays interprets Process and Reality in light of two central notions: «the postulational method of modern logic with its emphasis
on complex relational
systems, and the field
theory of modem physics with its emphasis
on the historicity of physical
systems» (PW 20/14).
The formal
system is judged
on the basis of whether or not
on its intended interpretation the resulting theorems coincide with the assertions of the
theory.
Third, the context has shifted: in contrast to the traditional Catholic conception of the political community, and politics within such communities, as the means of achieving real if limited justice for human life in the world, and a corresponding
theory of international relations, recent Catholic thought
on war often treats the state as a locus of injustice and the goals of particular states as inherently at odds with the achievement of common human goals, while an internationalism defined in terms of the United Nations
system is proposed as the best means to those common goals.
The first results of these metaphysical inquiries can be found in the five books of the manuscript «Notes towards a Metaphysic» (written from September 1933 till May 1934), in which he makes an endeavor to construct a cosmological - metaphysical
system of his own, 5 following the example of Whitehead's and Alexander's description of reality as a process, but based
on his method elaborated in An Essay
on Philosophical Method, 6 and in «Sketch of a Cosmological
Theory,» the first (never published) cosmology conclusion to The Idea of Nature.
What we have done here is (a) accept that mathematics arises from experience, (b) recognize that we can get a general idea of twoness from our experience, (c) accept constraints
on our experience — what we can assert as existing and what we can construct — by accepting some formal
system, in this case a
system defining set
theory, and (d) acknowledge that we can define precisely within that
system what we mean by number, successor of a number and in the process twoness.
In 1934 he published Reflections
on the End of an Era, in which he continued to argue for a realistic political
theory that would set power against power and bring about a more just social
system.
Applications of world -
system theory to questions of religious change have focused to a great extent
on the ways in which short - term changes in the world economy may affect the stability of religious institutions.
Spelled out in a lengthy lead editorial entitled «Evangelicals in the Social Struggle,» as well as in books such as Aspects of Christian Social Ethics, Henry's understanding of Christian social responsibility stressed (a) society's need for the spiritual regeneration of all men and women, (b) an interim social program of humanitarian care, ethical proclamation, and personal, structural application, and (c) a
theory of limited government centering
on certain «freedom rights,» e. g., the rights to public property, free speech, and so
on.18 Though the shape of this social ethic thus closely parallels that of the present editorial position of Moody Monthly, it must be distinguished from its counterpart by the time period involved (it pushed others like Moody Monthly into a more active involvement in the social arena), by the intensity of its commitment to social responsibility, by the sophistication of its insight into political
theory and practice, and by its willingness to offer structural critique
on the American political
system.
Highlighting aspects of the dissent and dissociation from the Hindu
system involved in this movement is likely to add another dimension to the
theories on conversion movements in India set forth...
In them we find clearly articulated such themes as the importance of the communidades de base («grass - roots «Christian groups); Jesus as the liberator from hunger, misery, oppression and ignorance; the refusal to separate Christian sanctification from «temporal» tasks; challenges to capitalism (as well as to Marxism); the
theory of «dependency»
on inhuman economic
systems; the need for liberation from neocolonialism; the need for «conscienticization»; the need for the church to support the downtrodden; the correlation of peace and justice; and the reality of «institutionalized violence.»
Mr. Carson points out that the term «chaos
theory» is a misnomer because it is based
on a mathematically demonstrable set of conclusions regarding certain kinds of determinate but complex physical
systems.
At any rate «a solar
system like ours depends, according to present
theories,
on their pre-existence.»
The focus
on interaction is very significant; the increasing interactivity of communication technologies, discussed below, parallels the emphasis
on interactivity in
systems theory.
I will draw substantially here from my own research
on collaborative
systems theory - reflections
on cooperative strategies in a media / information world.
«The forms of a living being are not but rather come to be,» says Ludwig von Bertalanffy (BW 120), and his «organismic» biology and later general
system -
theory for overcoming the opposition between mechanism and vitalism has given central insights of Whitehead a new formulation
on the basis of science, 8 Something similar holds for all the directions of research which Jean Piaget has brought to the [264] concept of genetic structuralism.9 The genetic epistemology founded by Piaget has proved through empirical research
on the problem of knowledge the fruitfulness both of genetic analysis and of Whitehead's principle of process.
Highlighting aspects of the dissent and dissociation from the Hindu
system involved in this movement is likely to add another dimension to the
theories on conversion movements in India set forth by Oddie (1975), Webster (1976), Forrester (1977), Manikam (1977), Gladstone (1984) and Kooiman (1989) 1 While these historians observe Christian conversion movements from a purely sociological standpoint they seem to have missed the elements of protest and remonstrance involved.
He states: «A good part of organic
systems rely
on self - organisation... that things click together... yet there is no general
theory to explain how that happens.»
After Sophocles, Shakespeare, and Stevens we are well prepared for the «sensitive dependence
on initial conditions» that in chaos
theory is given the poetic name of the Butterfly Effect: «the notion that a butterfly stirring the air today in Peking can transform storm
systems next month in New York.»
These are the ideas which were first brought forward in biology by thinkers such as Needham and Woodger (with myself acquiescing
on the side - lines) under the name «Organizing Relations,» and by Bertalanffy, who conducted a vigorous propaganda campaign
on their behalf, under the name of «
Systems Theory, and finally by Norbert Wiener, with equal fervour, as «Cybernetics.»
Before leaving this brief discussion
on chaos
theory, one additional feature of non-linear dynamical
system should be mentioned.
This idea depends
on developments in general
systems theory, which views «all of nature and all of human activity as a hierarchically arranged structure of levels of interlocked subset
systems in which the process of any particular subset
system affects and is affected by other subset
systems at its own level, as well as below or above it.»
It speaks of operations research,
systems analysis, technological forecasting, information
theory, game
theory, simulation techniques, decision
theory, Delphi method, cross-impact matrix analysis, statistical time - series, stochastic models, linear programming, input - output economics, computer based command and control
systems, and so
on.
For Whitehead believes that a sensationalist
theory is by no means necessary to a
system based
on the cogito.
In the case of Harpur's
theory (that Jesus didn't exist, and that deliberate efforts have been made to choose to make the myths interpreted literally), his evidence is not as convincing or as extensive as the evidence for Jesus having been a real person,
on whom a certain religious and political
systems have been formed and which have embellished, perverted, and developed certain aspects, with intentions both deliberate and unintentional.
He goes
on to note the post-Enlightenment fragmentation of the Catholic synthesis: «what for Patristic and Medieval thought was in both
theory and practice a profound unity -LSB-...] was destroyed by
systems which espoused the cause of rational knowledge sundered from faith.»
While the impact of these classical
theories has remained strong, I would like to point to a specific contribution that, in my view, has served as a kind of watershed in our thinking about the cultural dimension of religion: Clifford Geertz's essay «Religion as a Cultural
System,» published in 1966.1 Although Geertz, an anthropologist, was concerned in this essay with many issues that lay
on the fringes of sociologists» interests, his writing is clear and incisive, the essay displays exceptional erudition, and it provides not only a concise definition of religion but also a strong epistemological and philosophical defense of the importance of religion as a topic of inquiry.
The organismic view of society
on the part of process thought has much in common with
systems theory, which holds that human societies are
systems, at times sub-
systems intertwined in complex ways and parts of a larger
system.
While the
theory had some early success, the more bettors that jumped
on the bandwagon, the more books shaded their lines to counter this betting
system.
The Clippers fit a number of our
systems including the Zig - Zag
Theory, a contrarian NBA playoff
system with a 22.7 % ROI, and a
system focusing
on teams coming off blowouts.
The Martingale
System itself only «guarantees» a +1 Unit Won in
theory (the original wager), and the
theory is reliant
on having unlimited funds to wager.
In order to test this
theory, I created a new betting
system utilizing our Bet Labs software and used the «Days Between Games» filter to focus
on teams with more than a week of rest.
The Martingale
System itself only «guarantees» a one unit profit in
theory (the original wager), and the
theory is reliant
on having unlimited funds to wager.