The effects of defined benefit pension incentives and working conditions
on teacher retirement decisions
This fight over teacher pension funding raises an important philosophical question: Does money spent
on teacher retirement count as education funding?
Regardless of the model chosen, spending
on teacher retirement should be counted as education funding since such investment can not be extracted from the state's general K - 12 budget.
There's no national dataset that collects annual data
on teacher retirements.
By the time a child born in 2015 enters the sixth grade, the state will be spending more
on teacher retirements than on aid to pre-K-12 schools.
Not exact matches
The
teachers union is also putting pressure
on its pension managers, who oversee $ 3 trillion of
teacher retirement savings, to push fund companies to shed gun - maker stocks, offer funds that specifically exclude gun - related investments or drop investment managers that refuse.
Eliminate restrictions
on transferring for members of the New York state
teachers»
retirement system.
That is an 8 % increase
on the previous offer... A
teacher with a lifetime in public service with a salary at
retirement of # 37,800 would receive # 25,200 each year under these proposals, rather than the # 19,100 they would currently earn in the final salary
Teachers» Pension Scheme.
«
Teachers have made their financial plans for
retirement in good faith
on the basis of the long established and historic link with RPI.
Following the submission today of the NASUWT response to the Department for Education consultation
on «Proposed Increases to Contributions for Members of the
Teachers» Pension Scheme», Chris Keates, General Secretary of the NASUWT, the largest teachers» union in the UK, said: «The Coalition Government should tell the public the truth about why it is seeking to raid the pensions of millions of ordinary public service workers and why it is taxing public sector workers who are acting responsibly by trying to save for their ret
Teachers» Pension Scheme», Chris Keates, General Secretary of the NASUWT, the largest
teachers» union in the UK, said: «The Coalition Government should tell the public the truth about why it is seeking to raid the pensions of millions of ordinary public service workers and why it is taxing public sector workers who are acting responsibly by trying to save for their ret
teachers» union in the UK, said: «The Coalition Government should tell the public the truth about why it is seeking to raid the pensions of millions of ordinary public service workers and why it is taxing public sector workers who are acting responsibly by trying to save for their
retirement.
This is supposed to be the way to keep so - called hard - to - replace
teachers, policemen, firemen, engineers and other public workers
on their jobs as they near
retirement.
A Teaching Assistant earning about # 7 per hour, working part time and being paid for just 30 weeks per year, typically only pays into the LGPS for less than seven years; whereas a male
teacher on retirement may have 30 years of contributions behind him.
The increase would barely enable districts to maintain services, officials say, at a time when student needs and mandated costs for employee salaries, health care premiums and
teacher retirements are
on the rise.
New York State lawmakers, at the urging of Gov. Cuomo, voted
on March 15 to cut the
retirement benefits for future public employees including New York City public school
teachers.
«We use exogenous variation from an ERI program in Illinois in the mid-1990s to provide the first evidence in the literature of the effects of large - scale
teacher retirements on student achievement.
We saw each other
on and off at things like the choir
teacher's
retirement program, an alumni choir thing, school reunions.
In addition, Wesleyan will be
on hand to assist
teachers with their personal financial planning needs, from investments and mortgages to loans,
retirement planning, savings and insurance.
However, unlike the typical
teacher pension, your Social Security
retirement check is based
on 35 years of earnings, not the highest two or three years.
Although the demand for
teachers also depends
on policies such as class size and the use of technology, this increase in
retirement - eligible
teachers may well portend the need to hire more
teachers in upcoming years.
All in all, the service eligibility rules for early
retirement, pension bumps, and the like — little known to the general public (and, we suspect, to many young
teachers)-- can impose large costs
on teachers who move.
Focusing instead
on offering
retirement plans that provide all
teachers the opportunity to accrue adequate benefits would be a more realistic and equitable approach.
At this point, a
teacher's salary has climbed the final few, steep steps
on the pay scale: she is most likely at her «normal
retirement age» and her pension benefits peak.
A study looking at a costly pension enhancement in St. Louis found it only affected the behavior of a very small group of
teachers who were right
on the cusp of
retirement.
Although the state does not disaggregate the data
on retirements for
teachers, the Wisconsin Department of Public Instruction does keep detailed information
on the
teacher workforce that allows us to examine the effects of Act 10.
However, unlike vesting periods, which apply universally, most states adjust their
retirement ages based
on how long a
teacher has served.
Pension plans do appear to exert a limited «pull» effect that keeps some late - career
teachers on the job as they near
retirement.
Illinois future
teachers need benefits that will put them
on a path to a secure
retirement, and policymakers need to act quickly.
In other words, if a
teacher is hired
on January 1, 2014, her pension - benefit formula can never go down for the rest of her working career and into
retirement, even if, for example, she lives until the year 2074.
In the median state, less than half of all
teachers are expected to work long enough to vest in their
retirement plan — meaning that despite big spending and promises, less than half of all public - school
teachers,
on average, will ever receive
retirement benefits for their years
on the job (see Figure 3).
To determine the effect of
teacher exits
on students, Maria Fitzpatrick and Michael Lovenheim, both of Cornell University, took advantage of a natural experiment — a two - year early
retirement program in Illinois in the early 1990s.
Our results suggest that the
teacher retirements caused by the ERI program did not reduce student achievement
on average, and they may even have increased it.
A determined, widespread effort to weaken or destroy the institution
teachers are counting
on to protect them economically will force them into
retirement or to hunker down and wait in brooding resentment for a change in the political weather.
On the back end of a
teacher's career, other researchers have found that pensions do act as a retention incentive, but only for
teachers who are very close to reaching
retirement age.
That would also explain why
teachers seem to retire based
on when the
retirement plan nudges them to do so.
There are several different options for
teacher retirement benefits that could deliver more equitable benefits
on a cost - neutral basis.
So while it may be tempting to blame
teacher turnover
on current education policies, demographics and rising
retirement rates offer a more plausible explanation.
Read Chad Aldeman's recent blog post for more information
on teachers»
retirement costs, or see how
teachers get a bad deal
on pensions
on EdNext.org.
If that is the case, our results yield information
on the effect of ERI programs
on student achievement, but it could be misleading to use them to predict the effects of the impending spike in
teacher retirements due to the aging of the
teacher workforce.
The aging of the nation's
teacher workforce underscores the importance of studying the impact of early
retirement incentive programs
on student learning.
Because the data cover the entire state, however, we can gauge the effect of the ERI program
on retirement by observing the change in exit rates of experienced
teachers when the program was implemented.
To measure the effect
on test scores of the
retirements resulting from the ERI program, we exploit the fact that
teachers with more years of experience were much more likely to be affected by the program.
In our recent Education Next report, «Why Most
Teachers Get a Bad Deal on Pensions,» my colleague Kelly Robson and I analyzed state pension plan turnover assumptions to look at two key milestones, the point when teachers first qualify for a pension, and when they become eligible for normal ret
Teachers Get a Bad Deal
on Pensions,» my colleague Kelly Robson and I analyzed state pension plan turnover assumptions to look at two key milestones, the point when
teachers first qualify for a pension, and when they become eligible for normal ret
teachers first qualify for a pension, and when they become eligible for normal
retirement.
The main difficulty in measuring the effect of
teacher retirement on student achievement is that
retirement decisions may both affect and be affected by student performance.
Yet, while many companies are changing their pay structures to reinforce workplace reforms, most
teachers are still being paid based
on a 75 - year - old salary structure that may be due for
retirement.
Although ERI had a substantial impact
on the experience level of
teachers in Illinois schools with many
teachers eligible for early
retirement, those changes do not appear to have had a negative impact
on student achievement.
In these cases,
teacher retirements may have no or even a positive effect
on student learning.
Given that the median retiring
teacher had 27 years of experience and was replaced by a
teacher with less than three years of experience, the fact that these
retirements had little effect
on student achievement is puzzling.
On one side, it could encourage
teachers who are a few years short of normal
retirement age to stick it out in a job they are less than invested in, just to maximize their pension benefits.
Pension plans impose a
retirement savings penalty
on teachers who move across state lines or who leave teaching.
Allegretto and Mishel calculate the value of the pension benefits that
teachers earn in a given year based
on how much their employers contributed to their
retirement plans in that year, using data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics» Employer Costs for Employee Compensation (ECEC) survey.