«Human - induced climate change likely increased Harvey's total rainfall around Houston by at least 19 percent, with a best estimate of 37 percent,» Michael Wehner, a co-author
on an attribution study recently published in Geophysical Research Letters, said at the American Geophysical Union conference in December.
Implication, then, becomes necessary (unless you'd rather the consensus be based only
on attribution studies... in which case we get to stop nitpicking and move on to more serious topics, because your pinhole poking project won't have anything to work with).
Not exact matches
Instead, scientists will need months to complete in - depth «
attribution studies» to tease out climate change's influence
on these storms.
It seems to me less arbitrary and more logical to go along with Jennings (quoted by Agar 1943, p. 153), who wrote after years of
study on the behavior of amoebae: «I am thoroughly convinced, after long
study of the behavior of this organism, that if Amoeba were a large animal, so as to come within the every day experience of human beings, its behavior would at once call forth the
attribution to it of states of pleasure and pain, of hunger, desire, and the like,
on precisely the same basis as we attribute these things to the dog.»
Extracts sourced from ACCC, «Cattle and beef markets — a market
study by the ACCC Issues Paper (7 April 2016) and reproduced pursuant to Creative Commons By
Attribution 3.0 Australia licence as specified
on the ACCC website.
The answer may come later this year when researchers at the UK Met Office complete an
attribution study on the 2011 drought.
Trenberth believes many
attribution studies tend to underestimate people's impact
on the climate.
Atmospheric heatwaves can have significant impacts
on human health31 and
attribution studies have shown that these events, and atmospheric heatwaves in general, have become much more likely as a result of anthropogenic warming32.
The understanding of the physics of greenhouse gases and the accumulation of evidence for GHG - driven climate change is now overwhelming — and much of that information has not yet made it into formal
attribution studies — thus scientists
on the whole are more sure of the
attribution than is reflected in those papers.
The complexity of the new
study «had a big impact
on how certain we were» that «we would be able to do a sensible analysis,» said Geert Jan van Oldenborgh, a Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute climate scientist who was involved with this and prior rapid
attribution studies.
Ultimately, however, no one has performed a specific climate
attribution study on this event, so we can not say with high confidence if and to what extent climate change has altered Hurricane Harvey.»
This included an event - specific
attribution study on the 2013 New Zealand drought, as well as highlighting differences in the emergence of heat extremes for the global population when aggregated by income grouping.
Inverse estimates of aerosol forcing from detection and
attribution studies and
studies estimating equilibrium climate sensitivity (see Section 9.6 and Table 9.3 for details
on studies).
Your reply to Tim is centered
on the issue I have with
attribution studies.
The
attribution study was based
on series of 5 - yr - mean temperatures and spatial averages of 90 degree sectors (i.e. to four different sectors), where sectors and periods with no valid data were excluded.
I like these
attribution studies mention in this post, but the denialists seem forever stuck out
on the long tail of «anything's possible in a non-ACC world, it's all within what's natural.»
«Since the AR4, there is some new limited direct evidence for an anthropogenic influence
on extreme precipitation, including a formal detection and
attribution study and indirect evidence that extreme precipitation would be expected to have increased given the evidence of anthropogenic influence
on various aspects of the global hydrological cycle and high confidence that the intensity of extreme precipitation events will increase with warming, at a rate well exceeding that of the mean precipitation..
The
attribution calculation in the IPCC AR5 is based
on fingerprint
studies, where the spatial patterns of the temperature response of the climate models to various agents are scaled to best reconstruct the temperature record from observational constraints.
I have some questions
on how the
attribution studies were set up..
Of course, this is ALL hypothetical, since we do not have any robust
attribution studies based
on empirical scientific data to confirm the anthropogenic portion of the changes measured by Leviticus et al., assuming that these are correct, despite the stated fact that (bold type by me):
Scientists do have better things to do with their time than answer questions raised
on climate skeptic blogs, and as a result, you will only generally be assured of a climate change paper taking a stance
on the cause of the change if the subject of the paper is an
attribution study.
On the
attribution question, the results of Gillett et al. are consistent with the many other
attribution studies we've looked at (i.e. Lean and Rind 2008, Huber and Knutti 2011, and Foster and Rahmstorf 2011)- namely that humans have been the dominant cause of the global warming over the past 25 - 150 years (Figure 1).
For example, ranking the opinion of an academic biologist involved in the IPCC
on the
attribution of climate change higher than that of a scientist from another field that has
studied the issue and read all the journal articles or an actively engaged citizen scientist that is technically educated and reading all the literature.
According to a
study published in the latest Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society (BAMS) special issue
on attribution, climate change did not contribute to the extreme five - day rainfall event that caused the floods.
More specifically in regard to the question of human causation, opponents of climate change policies that deny human causation should be expected to specifically respond to the numerous «foot - print» and «
attribution»
studies that the international community has relied
on to make conclusions about human causation.
The ISPM generalizes as follows: «
Attribution studies to date do not take into account all known sources of possible influence
on the climate.»
Once you've finished that, move
on to looking at temperature trends and
attribution studies.
She further reports that the atmospheric scientists are the experts
on attribution, and therefore their agreement carries more weight than the self - identified climate scientists in this
study.
Attribution for these phenomena based on expert judgment rather than formal attribution stud
Attribution for these phenomena based
on expert judgment rather than formal
attribution stud
attribution studies.»
This
study addresses the challenge by undertaking a formal detection and
attribution analysis of SCE changes based
on several observational datasets with different structural characteristics, in order to account for the substantial observational uncertainty.
Climate change detection and
attribution studies rely
on historical simulations using specified combinations of forcings to quantify the contributions from greenhouse gases and other forcings to observed climate change.
This would be helped by other
studies building
on their «ingenious approach,» says Prof Peter Stott, head of the climate monitoring and
attribution at the Met Office Hadley Centre and professor of detection and
attribution at the University of Exeter, who also wasn't involved in the
study.
Attribution studies typically focus
on specific extreme events.
The
study, just published in Nature Geoscience, is the latest in the relatively new field of
attribution, where scientists identify the fingerprints of human influence
on observed changes in temperature, rainfall, and other climate parameters.
For example, the National Academies recently published a
study on the
attribution of extreme events in the context of climate change, noting that «advances have come about for two main reasons: one, the understanding of the climate and weather mechanisms that produce extreme events is improving, and two, rapid progress is being made in the methods that are used for event
attribution.
For its flagship 90 % and 95 % certainty
attribution statements, AR5 relies
on the «gold standard» of detection and
attribution studies.
In this respect, our
study of the detection /
attribution problem is carried out
on a conceptual basis and therefore we avoid proposing categorical results.
This would mean that the
attribution studies based
on the GCMs and their underlying physical models are now the only method we have for determining if AGW is taking place.
This scoping project will develop the necessary framework to allow
on demand, real - time
attribution studies of floods in the Brahmaputra basin.
Researchers have been doing detection - and -
attribution studies on well - understood, well - documented phenomena such as temperature changes and rainfall patterns for more than a decade.
This is a scoping project developing the necessary framework to allow
on demand, real - time
attribution studies of floods in the Brahmaputra basin.
This included an event - specific
attribution study on the 2013 New Zealand drought, as well as highlighting differences in the emergence of heat extremes for the global population when aggregated by income grouping.
Many climate - related
studies, such as detection and
attribution of historical climate change, projections of future climate and environments, and adaptation to future climate change, heavily rely
on the performance of climate models.
«The assessment is supported additionally by a complementary analysis in which the parameters of an Earth System Model of Intermediate Complexity (EMIC) were constrained using observations of near - surface temperature and ocean heat content, as well as prior information
on the magnitudes of forcings, and which concluded that GHGs have caused 0.6 °C to 1.1 °C (5 to 95 % uncertainty) warming since the mid-20th century (Huber and Knutti, 2011); an analysis by Wigley and Santer (2013), who used an energy balance model and RF and climate sensitivity estimates from AR4, and they concluded that there was about a 93 % chance that GHGs caused a warming greater than observed over the 1950 — 2005 period; and earlier detection and
attribution studies assessed in the AR4 (Hegerl et al., 2007b).»
The measure used by TCP is perfectly reasonable, if you understand the nature of scientific publication, and are aware that
attribution studies are only a small fraction of the papers publiched
on climate change.
Next the
attribution studies will need to be discussed in greater detail; see right back
on track with the thread topic:)
Trenberth also focused
on climate
attribution studies which claim the lack of a human component, and suggested that the assumptions distort results in the direction of finding no human influence, resulting in misleading statements about the causes of climate change that can serve to grossly underestimate the role of humans in climate events.
Attribution for these phenomena based on expert judgement rather than formal attribution studi
Attribution for these phenomena based
on expert judgement rather than formal
attribution studi
attribution studies»!!
Model - based climate change detection /
attribution studies have linked increasing tropical Atlantic SSTs to increasing greenhouse gases, but proposed links between increasing greenhouse gases and hurricane PDI or frequency has been based
on statistical correlations.
Therefore, modelling
studies suggest that late 20th - century warming is much more likely to be anthropogenic than natural in origin, a finding which is confirmed by
studies relying
on formal detection and
attribution methods (Section 9.4.1.4).»