Sentences with phrase «on time scales of»

Finds that, in the Atlantic, variability on time scales of a few years and more is strongly correlated with tropical Atlantic sea surface temperature, while in the western North Pacific, this correlation, while still present, is considerably weaker

My understanding is that the major uncertainties in climate projections on time scales of more than a few decades are unlikely to be resolved in the near future.

Not all at once, of course, but since fossil fuels do not renew on the time scales of people and civilizations, we'll be using something else more and more.

The World Climate Research Programme (WCRP) has established the Polar Climate Predictability Initiative (PCPI) which contributes to the development of GIPPS on time scales of a season or beyond.

Yet the IPCC refuses to accept that the global warming (or cooling) on time scales of thirty years or more can also be caused by Mother Nature.

«They will be, on time scales of centuries or millennia,» he added.

Leif: you wrote «But all that happens on time scales of days, so is irrelevant for the climate.

But since movement of the continents occurs on time scales of millions of years, they aren't going to impact on climate change on human timescales.

But all that happens on time scales of days, so is irrelevant for the climate.

«The big fires that are occurring in the American Southwest are extraordinary in terms of their severity, on time scales of thousands of years.

However, especially panels b and c in Figure 6 indicate that some common variability is present in the radionuclide data and the CALS3k models on time scales of 500 years and longer (e.g., minimum around 700 AD in Fig. 6b).

On time scales of thousands to hundreds of thousands of years, variations in the earth's orbit affect climate.

Because the chemistry of the ocean equilibrates with that of the atmosphere (on time scales of decades to centuries), methane oxidized to CO2 in the water column will eventually increase the atmospheric CO2 burden (Archer and Buffett, 2005).

The variable Sun is the most likely candidate for the natural forcing of past climate changes on time scales of 50 to 1000 years.

Has anyone ever demonstrated convincingly that global temperature is bound by the central limit theorem on time scales of interest?

There's no reason that the sensitivity on time scales of tens of thousands of years (Vostok record) should be the same as the sensitivity on time scales of decades (modern record).

I am particularly interested in the role of the oceans in climate variability on time scales of years to decades.

On time scales of years to centuries, the largest changes in tides around the ice sheets are likely to be caused by changes in the extent and thickness of ice shelves.

Anthropogenic climate change on time scales of decades is arguably less important in driving vulnerability than increasing population, land use practices and ecosystem degradation.

Physically, C1 can be thought of as representing the concentration of CO2 in long - term stores such as the deep ocean; C1 + C2 as representing the CO2 concentration in medium - term stores such as the thermocline and the long - term soil - carbon storage; and C = C1 + C2 + C3 as the concentration of CO2 in those sinks that are also in equilibrium with the atmosphere on time scales of a year or less, including the mixed layer, the atmosphere itself and rapid - response biospheric stores.

These natural variations exist on time scales of several years to decades.

As the IPCC observed in its first assessment report in 1990, global climate in recent millennia «has fluctuated over a range of up to 2 degrees Celsius on time scales of centuries or more.»

Thus we certainly can't rule out that on time scales of up to decades GMAST really is dominated by ocean oscillations.

Based on local sea level records spanning the last 2000 years, there is medium confidence that fluctuations in GMSL during this interval have not exceeded ~ ± 0.25 m on time scales of a few hundred years.

«A one dimensional model of heat conduction is used to show that surface trends are attenuated as a function of depth within conductive media on time scales of decades to centuries, therefore invalidating the above assumption given practical observational constraints.

The National Research Council of the U.S. National Academy of Sciences has embraced the Milankovitch Cycle model... orbital variations remain the most thoroughly examined mechanism of climatic change on time scales of tens of thousands of years and are by far the clearest c...

Sudden climate transitions during the Quaternary Abstract The time span of the past few million years has been punctuated by many rapid climate transitions, most of them on time scales of centuries to decades or even less.

Neither is nuclear feasible on time scales of 2, 3, or 4 decades.

Three of the four climate models used produce increasing damage with time, with the global warming signal emerging on time scales of 40, 113, and 170 yr, respectively.

That applies (nearly) for the atmosphere as a whole, which is in equilibrium on time scales of around a month, but it doesn't apply to a local precipitation system like a hurricane or even a thunderstorm.

If proved correct, this theory would suggest that relatively small, naturally occurring fluctuations in greenhouse gases are the master variable that has driven global climate change on time scales of ten thousand to one million years.

Not only does the Earths magnetic field wander around on time scales of a century or so, but every 100,000 years or so it completely changes direction, with the north (magnetic) pole becoming the south (magnetic) pole.

CaCO3 compensation works on time scales of thousands of years or so.

The alignment of obliquity and eccentricity due to precession is a much stronger effect than for the Earth, leading to «great» summers and winters on time scales of tens of thousands of years (the precessional period is 170,000 years).

Both the NAO and the AMOC have a dominant influence on regional variations over Europe on time scales of a decade [1].

In the atmosphere these processes operate on time scales of hours to days.

Comparisons of climatic trends from GCMs and historical station series show that one GCM integration can not give a reliable reproduction of the past climatic change on time scales of several decades (Benestad 2001, 2002, 2003).

Is there a resource that can help me, as a complete layman, understand the possible things the exchange rate might do, on time scales of months up to years?

The alignment of obliquity and eccentricity due to precession is a much stronger effect than for the Earth, leading to «great» summers and winters on time scales of tens of thousands of years (the precessional period is 170,000 years).

Their luminosity varies on time scales of a few months to as short as a few days.

«It is, in my opinion, the best recorder, particularly on time scales of years to tens of thousands of years.

He believes that no one has thought of combining the two theories before because it's not an intuitive idea to look at how the effects of changing patterns of ocean circulation, which occur on time scales of thousands of years, would effect global silicate weathering, which in turn controls global climate on time scales of 100s of thousands of years.

Plunkett said the technology allows researchers to determine details about the star formation process, such as how often material is accreted or ejected, on time scales of a few hundred years.

Now we know that, on the time scale of the earth, we emerged on this planet very late indeed.

In the absence of HCl, ClONO2 also reacts irreversibly with ice with a collision efficiency of ∼ 0.02 at 200 K; the product hypochlorous acid (HOCI) is released to the gas phase on a time scale of minutes.

The reaction rate between atmospheric hydrogen chloride (HCl) and chlorine nitrate (ClONO2) is greatly enhanced in the presence of ice particles; HCl dissolves readily into ice, and the collisional reaction probability for ClONO2 on the surface of ice with HCl in the mole fraction range from ∼ 0.003 to 0.010 is in the range from ∼ 0.05 to 0.1 for temperatures near 200 K. Chlorine (Cl2) is released into the gas phase on a time scale of at most a few milliseconds, whereas nitric acid (HNO3), the other product, remains in the condensed phase.

The prevailing view among astronomers is that the orbit of Halley's comet can not be calculated exactly because the orbit would be chaotic on a time scale of only seventy years.

The changes to and propagation of light waves in an electrical field take place on a time scale of a few hundred attoseconds — in other words, within one billionth of a billionth of a second.

For example, 2005 is near solar minimum in the 11 year cycle, and radiance now is about 1 - 2 W / m ^ 2 less than a few years ago, which means Pluto and Mars are getting LESS solar radiance on the time scale of the atmosphere and polar cap changes, EVEN IF the radiance averaged over the whole cycle was higher.

In particular, she uses mathematical approaches to interpret observed variations in δ18O and δ13C on times scales of thousands to millions of years.