Sentences with phrase «on time scales shorter»

[Response: From the Supporting Online Information: The 14 proxy series were each smoothed to remove variations on time scales shorter than 20 years by the application of a Gaussian - weighted filter that reduces the amplitude of 20 - year cycles by 50 % and shorter cycles by more than this.

If current coal reserves are burned on a time scale short compared to time scales for carbon storage, then CO2 concentrations will go over 400 ppm rather easily.

Whether the the changes in Earth rotation have any significant influence in the opposite direction on any time scale shorter than thousands of years is less obvious.

Not exact matches

It's not measured on years anymore; you can actually see it in a shorter time scale.

Now, our proprietary signals are finally indicating it is time to start tightening protective stops and scaling out of winning trades (selling partial share size), although I should clarify we have NOT yet received the necessary signals to become bearish and start initiating trades on the short side of the market.

Just on the time - scale for historical documents — decades is an incredibly short period of time for * secondary * documents.

In short, a rider's time is measured against the world record for the distance and category and the rider is awarded points on a sliding scale: the closer they get to their corresponding world best, the more points they get.

What is happening now is that the rate of technological innovation which induces changes in the jobs market is happening on time scales that are shorter than the time scale on which the job market can adjust itself on.

What we're now seeing in certain sectors is that entire classes of jobs become obsolete on short time scales (say a decade), making the retraining needed more like going back to school for several years.

That is the unimaginably short time scale on which processes such as the motion of an electron in an atom can be studied.

And so, that implies that there are limits that constrain how flexible your brain is, at least on these short time scales.»

While the atmosphere is mainly causing climate variations on shorter time scales, from months to years, the longer - term fluctuations, such as those on decadal time scales, are primarily determined by the ocean.

In this way, fast calculations can be made using superconducting circuits; however storage is only possible on very short time scales.

This approach complements traditional forecast simulations, which are very accurate for a short period of time but lose their reliability on timescales that are required to understand the fate of the spill on the scale from days to weeks.»

Yeakel created a timeline based on existing records from paleontology, archaeology, and art, which picks up about where the fossils leave off and zooms in on a much shorter time scale.

«On short time scales, we can have variable responses to the loss of sea ice among subpopulations of polar bears,» Laidre said.

The scientists were now able to experimentally investigate the dynamics of these structures on short time scales for the first time.

«This shows that there are internal responses within the climate system that can make glaciers grow and shrink on very short time scales.

To understand these effects and exploit them for novel, e.g., acoustooptical, devices, one needs to image the delicate interplay of nuclear and electronic motions on a time scale much shorter than 1 ps.

Nevertheless, the vibrational motions act back on the electrons, modulate their spatial distribution and change the electric and optical properties of the crystal on a time scale which is shorter than 1 ps (10 - 12 s).

«It can be used for testing potential candidates on the atomic scale within a short space of time.»

If the ionization states of silicon can not only be sampled on such a short time scale, but can also be set — as the first experiments with krypton suggest — scientists might one day be able to use this to develop novel and even faster computer technologies.

«Other researchers use x-rays to capture atomic motions, so no one thought we could ever develop a bright enough source based on electrons as they undergo electron - electron repulsion and would blow up without being able to capture an image on the incredibly short time scale required,» says Miller.

You have to keep current, because practices and priorities change — on time scales much shorter than 40 years, especially with the donor sources that are in the private sector.

By reading and analyzing this current, FAU researchers have found that quantum mechanical interference of electron waves can be used to control current on extremely short time scales.

The researchers believe that at least 40 billion Type Ia supernovae must have exploded within a relatively short period on cosmological time scales in order to release that much iron and have the force to drive it out of the galaxies.

«What this tells us is over a relatively short time on an evolutionary time scale, on the order of five million years, you get tremendous variation in the DNA of two similar organisms,» Perna notes.

Most major animal groups appear for the first time in the fossil record some 545 million years ago on the geological time scale in a relatively short period of time known as the Cambrian explosion.

Their luminosity varies on time scales of a few months to as short as a few days.

On this latter scale teleconnections manifest as a response of middle - latitude weather to the dominant modes of variability of the tropics (the Madden - Julian Oscillation and the Boreal Summer Intra-seasonal Oscillations, which similar to El Niño and La Niña characterize variations of climate but on shorter time scalesOn this latter scale teleconnections manifest as a response of middle - latitude weather to the dominant modes of variability of the tropics (the Madden - Julian Oscillation and the Boreal Summer Intra-seasonal Oscillations, which similar to El Niño and La Niña characterize variations of climate but on shorter time scaleson shorter time scales).

Certainly, there is no reason to believe that CO2 as a climate driver has been undermined in any way, especially on shorter time scales.

Those early results are very positive, and strongly indicate that the nanoparticles could be useful for assessing how effective a therapy is on a much shorter time scale than current treatments, which usually rely on observing the size of the tumor.

«If the stain is only a thin, colored veneer on the icy soil, exposure to the space environment at Tethys» surface might erase them on relatively short time scales.»

Here we aimed to identify electrophysiological correlates of intrinsic BOLD FC in canonical cortical networks and to clarify how electrophysiological FC within those networks fluctuates across frequencies on short time scales.

The data is on atmospheric absorption during occultations, indicating short time scale variability.

On shorter time scales, and layered on top of Pacific Decadal Oscillation variation, the Pacific North American pattern and the El Niño - Southern Oscillation cycles (see Climate chapter) can also affect variation in snowpacOn shorter time scales, and layered on top of Pacific Decadal Oscillation variation, the Pacific North American pattern and the El Niño - Southern Oscillation cycles (see Climate chapter) can also affect variation in snowpacon top of Pacific Decadal Oscillation variation, the Pacific North American pattern and the El Niño - Southern Oscillation cycles (see Climate chapter) can also affect variation in snowpack.

Thus, if a molecule has a high GWP on a short time scale (say 20 years) but has only a short lifetime, it will have a large GWP on a 20 year scale but a small one on a 100 year scale.

The increased risk of further heat waves (intensive heat over relatively short time scales) as well as exposure to warmer temperatures over the longer term, suggest that recovery will depend on thermally - resistant individuals that may trade - off high temperature tolerance with other important attributes such as nutritional value or rapid growth.

Molecular interactions on the millisecond time scale are very common, and single - molecule force spectroscopy of such short - lived molecular complexes requires sub-millisecond resolution and control of the applied load.

[34] The light curve of B varies on a short time scale and there has been at least one observed flare.

On shorter time scales, however, changes in heat storage (i.e., ocean heat uptake or release) can affect global mean temperature.

Varga's research focuses on the interaction of lasers and matter at the atomic scale and is part of the new field of attosecond science — an attosecond is a billion billionths of a second — that is allowing scientists to study extremely short - lived phenomena such as the making and breaking of chemical bonds and tracking the real - time motion of electrons within semiconductors by probing them with attosecond pulses of laser light.

This lets us follow chemical reactions on a very short time scale.

The dynamics of solar processes can be captured on shorter time scales, and the improved light - gathering capacity of the new telescopes allows us to extract more information from spectral lines with higher fidelity and accuracy, especially with respect to magnetic field measurements.

1) the atmosphere (which can also be subdivided into northern and southern hemispheres, and even into Hadley Cells) all with fairly short time constants 2) the upper ocean — time constant on the order of years to decades 2a) the biosphere — time scale from 1 year to decades and even centuries and millennia for some processes 3) abyssal ocean (timescale of many decades to ~ a century or more) 5) the geosphere — timescale of millennia to eons.

Because they can deploy new technology on relatively short time scales or move rapidly to follow up on recent discoveries, newly conceived missions of moderate cost can at times scientifically outperform the large missions on particular problems.

Simple biogeochemical flux modeling suggests that, if the Archean Earth was kept warm by a methane greenhouse, then the evolution of oxygenic photosynthesis could have triggered a Snowball Earth event on a time scale as short as about a million years (Kopp et al., 2005).

These opportunities include the use of short - pulsed X-ray sources for extracting time - dependent structural information from proteins; and the revolutionary new possibilities created by X-ray Free Electron Lasers, which combine ultrafast X-ray pulses with high brilliance focussing capabilities to create an entirely new regime of pre-damage time - resolved serial femtosecond crystallography on unprecedented time - scales.

Researchers who have traditionally focused on seasonal or shorter time scales talk about things like vertical shear, ITCZ latitude and African wave characteristics as centrally important.

If more heat is transferred to the oceans than is accounted for by the models, that «is a negative atmospheric feedback, at least on shorter time scales.»