Sentences with phrase «one against the observations»

«I ask the Prime Minister, how is that statement and the creation of the Office of the Parliamentary Budget Officer in any way, shape or form compatible with the kind of cheap partisan attacks the Minister of Finance made against the Parliamentary Budget Officer and against his observation that the job of the Parliamentary Budget Officer was to be a sounding board for the government?

Scientific models lead to theories which can be tested against observations.

We haven't always appreciated the level of importance that should be attached to getting enough sleep, but as the scientific studies stack up in recent times, it is very hard to argue against the observation that getting the right amount of sleep, is a key aspect of achieving a healthy lifestyle.

But the absence of a more quantitative framework means that Darwin's principles have not been tested against observation in the same rigorous manner as physical laws.

«Its existence was predicted by the standard model of particle physics and the fact that there's — we got a glimpse of it, it looks like it may very well be there — is a real victory for that model of science where you test, you put forward conceptual models of the way the world or the universe works and test those models against the observations and see the extent to which they can predict new observations and when they do, it gives you increased confidence in the models.

It is a fundamental requirement of scientific method that all hypotheses and theories must be tested against observations of the natural world, rather than resting solely on a priori reasoning, intuition, or revelation.

In fact, the way science progresses is by conceptual models being put forward and then testing them against observations.

Furthermore, the team tested the theory against observations of NASA's 34 - year - old Pioneer 10 spacecraft, which appears about 400,000 kilometres away from its expected location in the outer solar system.

This result has been quantitatively validated against observations at Fogo Volcano, Cabo Verde.

The 100 stories here capture scientific curiosity in all its stages: provocative early results, long - sought confirmations, and many steps in the iterative process of testing theory against observation and vice versa.

«Climate models need to be validated against observations,» she said.

The models need to be tested against observations, to make way for new and improved models.

But, when you actually measure the predictions that climate scientists have made against observations of how the climate has already changed, you find the exact opposite: a pattern «of under - rather than over-prediction» emerges.

An adjustment is necessary because as climate models are continually evaluated against observations evidence has become emerged that the strength of their aerosol - cloud interactions are too strong (i.e. the models» «aerosol indirect effect» is larger than inferred from observations).

As mentioned in 2), we often have parameters which we need to assign a value to through calibration against observations.

Individual components continue to be improved via systematic evaluation against observations and against more comprehensive models.

Working with Tom Chase, a colleague at the institute, the researchers were comparing climate simulations from the Community Land Model — part of a select group of global models used in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's 2007 climate change report — against observations.

If you extend that curve fit backwards another 100 years, it is unlikely to make much sense against observations.

Meteorology is extensively validated against observations from a dozen of weather stations and more than 50 coastal stations.

Look at observations, make up theories, test theories against observations and experimentation, adjust theory, test, etc etc..

Once calibrated, the model can be run and evaluated against observations not included in the calibration process.

And are those predictions in different cases then tested against observations again and again to either validate those models or generate ideas for potential improvements?

It is argued that uncertainty, differences and errors in sea ice model forcing sets complicate the use of models to determine the exact causes of the recently reported decline in Arctic sea ice thickness, but help in the determination of robust features if the models are tuned appropriately against observations.

The figure shows the increase in heat content for 5 different simulations in the ensemble (same climate forcings, but with different weather) matched up against the observations.

• Lack of formal model verification & validation, which is the norm for engineering and regulatory science • Circularity in arguments validating climate models against observations, owing to tuning & prescribed boundary conditions • Concerns about fundamental lack of predictability in a complex nonlinear system characterized by spatio - temporal chaos with changing boundary conditions • Concerns about the epistemology of models of open, complex systems

-- can you clarify what a naive prediction of linear continuation would have been, and how that would have performed against observations?

By «prediction», I think people normally mean a value or values that can be calculated mathematically and then tested against observations.

It is the average long - wave cloud forcing error derived from comparing against observations, 20 years of hindcasts made by 26 CMIP5 models.

One could take the outcomes of different starting conditions, or use of different model parameters, and compare them against observations.

In general, the more complex a model, the less it assumes, and the more easily its individual assumptions can be tested against observations and other models.

But, when you actually measure the predictions that climate scientists have made against observations of how the climate has already changed, you find the exact opposite: a pattern «of under - rather than over-prediction» emerges.

Testing against observations is a failure, so we can't go there, and forget step 3.

Improving the representation of feedbacks in climate models, and checking them against observations, is probably the most important area of climate modelling research at present.

He concluded: «Model conditioning need not be restricted to calibration of parameters against observations, but could also include more nebulous adjustment of parameters, for example, to fit expectations, maintain accepted conventions, or increase accord with other model results.

All ideas are subjected to testing against observations of the real world.

The fundamental objectionable switcheroo in such studies of sensitivity etc. is that the lead - in disclaimer is that these simulations are merely «projections», using various what - if scenarios, and hence can not be falsified or tested against observations.

If it does not, throw it out, construct a new theory and test that one against the observations (basic scientific method).

Looks like a model is used as proof against observations.

It also seems unfair to say that the model - weighting approach is better because it doesn't rely on the existence of a linear relationship when you * chose * the variable to compare against observations on the basis of that variable providing a good linear fit to your predictand.

As I indicated in an earlier blog, the natural variability at decadal time scales hinders the validation of any projection against observations, as these observations reflect just one possible trend.

Performance To date RCMs have been used in many studies12, 13 and a wide variety of evaluations of RCM simulations against observations have been performed.

Test the hypothesis against the observations.

To this end, they compare the output of the models against observations for present climate.

None of current models have a sufficient number of runs to overcome chaotic uncertainty and therefore can not be validated against observations.

Note that the Russians validated their model tuning against observations — I think this is a major breakthrough.

Not all that is performed in models is for the purpose of direct comparison against observations.

Likewise, to properly represent internal variability, the full model ensemble spread must be used in a comparison against the observations, as is well known from ensemble weather forecasting (e.g., Raftery et al., 2005).

And if they have the millions of dollars to make a model why wouldn't we expect them to test THAT model (and all of its cohort) against the observations and publish those results?

That module is rigourously validated against observations BEFORE integration into other GCMs.

You are comparing «Well mixed greenhouse gases» against Observations (which is ALL FORCINGS).