Not exact matches
In addition, where
cells derived
from embryonic stem cells are great at proliferating — a potentially critical feature if
one wants to grow sufficient numbers of
cells for clinical use —
ones from the iPS lines were much feebler.
The act of reprogramming
cells to make them as capable as
ones from embryos apparently can result in aberrant
cells that age and die abnormally, suggesting there is a long way to go to prove such
cells are really like
embryonic stem cells and can find use in therapies.
That breakthrough was
one of a six - year chain of discoveries that included his 2007 work demonstrating the nuclear transfer method to create
embryonic stem cells from a nonhuman primate.
In
one promising approach, cellular reprogramming,
stem cells can be generated by fusing adult skin
cells with
embryonic stem cells from existing
cell lines.
In September a European team reported coaxing human
embryonic stem cells from an «arrested» IVF embryo —
one that had stopped dividing before it reached the blastocyst stage and thus died a natural death.
The new approach builds on information gleaned
from developmental studies of
embryonic stem cells (see story # 16) and
one day may be used to create healthy replacements for harmed or diseased tissue.
In particular, opponents of
embryonic stem cell research have repeatedly pointed to the supposed power of
stem cells extracted
from the adult body, which in the hands of at least
one laboratory seemed to nearly match that of
embryonic stem cells.
This will mark the start of the first clinical trial in China using human
embryonic stem (ES)
cells, and the first
one worldwide aimed at treating Parkinson's disease using ES
cells from fertilized embryos.
One is using
cells derived
from human
embryonic stem cells to treat spinal cord injury (although funding problems have stopped the trial enrolling new patients) and another is testing a treatment for age - related macular degeneration.
One of the greatest achievements in recent biomedical research was in 2006 when Shinya Yamanaka managed to create
embryonic stem cells (pluripotent
stem cells, induced in vitro, or in vitro iPSCs) in a laboratory
from adult
cells, via a cocktail of just four genes.
The new finding brings a measure of closure to a story that first rocked the science world in February 2004, when Hwang and colleagues at Seoul National University announced they had cloned a female donor's
cell by transferring its nucleus into
one of her egg
cells stripped of its nucleus in a procedure known as somatic
cell nuclear transfer (SCNT), and harvested
embryonic stem cells from the resulting fusion.
In the first published results
from a clinical trial using human
embryonic stem cells, two legally blind patients who received an injection of hESC - derived
cells in
one eye have experienced no harmful side effects and appear to have slightly better vision.
One team in Japan, and another in the US, have independently shown it is possible to produce
embryonic - like
stem cells directly
from a patient's own skin
cells without having to create and destroy a cloned human embryo first.
Intact genome
from one particular mouse
embryonic stem cell.
The researchers have illustrated the structure in accompanying videos, which show the intact genome
from one particular mouse
embryonic stem cell.
Human pluripotent
stem cells from two sources today,
one physiological
embryonic stem cells «ES»
from the embryo, and the other experimental
cells «iPS» induced pluripotency by reprogramming genetic somatic
cells.
One form of
stem cell research is conducted on
embryonic stem cells — or those extracted
from human embryos, which are destroyed in the process.
Towards our goals we study retinal
cells throughout their life,
from embryonic stem cells to retinal progenitors to differentiating and mature neurons and glia — with
one eye on neuronal regeneration (meaning de-novo neurogenesis) in the mammalian retina — and with another eye on retinal disease pathomechanisms.
One of those teams created a cloned embryo
from the somatic
cells of a diabetic patient; this embryo was then destroyed in order to generate an insulin - producing
embryonic stem cell line.
2007 also saw
one of the most game - changing developments in the
stem cell field; researchers learned how to create
cells like
embryonic stem cells, but instead of coming
from an embryo these
cells are created
from adult
cells, potentially
cells from any tissue in the human body.
Title: Nanog Variability and Pluripotency Regulation of
Embryonic Stem Cells - Insights
from a Mathematical Model Analysis Authors: Glauche I, Herberg M, Roeder I Date: June 2010 Publication Details: PLoS
ONE 5 (6): e11238
As
one example, using insights
from embryonic development, Jessell has been able to convert
embryonic stem cells into functioning motor neurons, facilitating the discovery of medicines to treat such diseases.
One of his early achievements came
from his demonstration that techniques used in preimplantation genetic diagnosis could be used to generate human
embryonic stem cells (hESCs) without
embryonic destruction.
In
one approach, a
one -
cell - thick layer of RPE
cells derived
from human
embryonic stem cells or adult RPE
stem cells is placed on a material that allows nutrients and waste materials to pass through and is implanted in the eye.
Mouse
embryonic stem cells with
one allele of Melk inserted with lacZ and neomycin - resistance genes between exon 2 and 3 were obtained
from the Knockout Mouse Project (KOMP; ID: CSD33136).
There are no ethical or moral concerns with the use of
stem cells from one's own body as these
cells are adult and not
embryonic.