Back at 3.2 million years ago, there were
only australopithecines («southern apes»), and only in Africa.
We decided to consider not
only australopithecines, but also some early Homo individuals, in order to emphasise that the estimated stature of S1 can be comparable to that of more derived taxa, such as Homo erectus sensu lato.
93 Creationists again would agree because it seems obvious that «habilis» is
only an australopithecine ape.
Not exact matches
Around 2 million years ago,
only about one in 10
Australopithecines — the modest - brained hominids exemplified by the famous fossil Lucy — who made it to adulthood lived to twice the age of sexual maturity.
But despite some modern traits, it has a number of
australopithecine features, and a brain size of
only about 750 cc (compared to the modern human average of at least 1350 cc).
In fact, Louis Leakey was the
only scientist to ever seriously entertain the idea that OH 5 was a human ancestor - to most other scientists, it seemed obvious that it was some sort of robust
australopithecine.
H. habilis was small statured, unlike later finds of H. erectus and when more examples of Australopithecus were found in subsequent decades, it was clear the brain size of H. habilis was
only slightly larger than that of contemporary
australopithecines.
Clarke points out (1998) that not
only has this fossil yielded the most complete
australopithecine skull yet found, it has been found in association with the most complete set of foot and leg bones known so far, with more probably still to be extracted from the rock (and since then, the arm and hand has been discovered.)
In the group of robust
australopithecines, it is dated to between 2.3 and 1.2 million years ago, and is found
only in East Africa.
At 1.6 million years ago, Homo erectus is in both Africa and southeast Asia, and the smaller - brained
australopithecines are also running around Africa (they die out by 1.0 million years ago, leaving Homo erectus the
only hominid around).
98 The fauna associated with
Australopithecine fossils indicate a wooded environment (Reed 1997, p. 318); their Paranthropus successors were sometimes found in wetland environments, but it is
only the later Homo species (ergaster, erectus) that are found in extremely arid and open landscape.