Garcia - Ojalvo expressed surprise that a network based
only on gene expression data could predict, with relative accuracy, the effect of multiple genetic interactions.
Not exact matches
Neuroscientists have over the past decade uncovered evidence, both in rodent and human studies, that parental caregiving, especially in moments of stress, affects children's development not
only on the level of hormones and brain chemicals, but even more deeply,
on the level of
gene expression.
Only a decade later was it confirmed to bind to DNA and turn
on the
expression of other
genes aimed at healing cell damage.
«As a result of the previous study, we reported that SUMO is probably important for controlling
expression of active
genes because we found it
on every
gene we looked at, but
only when they were turned
on,» notes Rosonina.
Crucially, the team also showed that a serotonergic neuron's
gene expression and function depend not
only on its location in the adult brain stem, but also
on its cellular ancestor in the developing brain.
Because
genes on the Y chromosome often vary slightly in sequence — and even function — from the corresponding
genes on the X, males could have slightly different patterns of
gene expression throughout the body compared with females, due to not
only their hormone levels, but also their entire Y chromosome.
Not
only were levels of metabolic compounds different, but the
expression of certain
genes involved in metabolism was turned up, and the epigenome of the cells — molecular markers
on DNA that change
gene expression on a broader scale — was altered.
On average we found
only 54
genes per tissue (0.2 %), which showed significant correlation of
gene expression with PMI (FDR < 1 %)(Fig. 3a, Supplementary Table 6), compared to 6919
genes per tissue (39.3 %), if using the same model without covariates.
«Methods currently used for measuring
gene expression generally rely
on something called «relative normalisation», which means that
gene expression levels in a sample can
only be estimated relative to other
genes in the same sample.
But by placing the
gene under the control of a «promoter» — an
on - off switch for
gene expression — from a
gene (SM22a) that is expressed
only in smooth muscle cells, Dr. Parmacek's team found that no matter which types of cells were infected, the
gene was
only «turned
on» in smooth muscle cells.
Based
on this classification of evolutionary age of each
gene, induced
genes are much younger than either non-regulated or repressed
genes: excluding those
genes without significant
expression, induced
genes are
only 37.9 % Metazoan compared to 64.5 % Metazoan for non-regulated
genes and 55.9 % Metazoan for repressed
genes (Figure 4A).
It matters, as far as
gene expression is concerned,
only if it occurs in a «promoter» region, a sequence of DNA needed to turn a
gene on or off.
He and others had developed that technique, known as conditional
expression, to turn a
gene or mutation
on or off
only in a desired tissue or at specific life stages.