Proper transfer of V1 complexes or subunits from the membrane to the cytoplasm and back appears to require not
only phosphorylation events, conformational changes in the V1VO holoenzyme, the V1 complex and the V1 subunit C, but also the temporary interaction with protein kinase A, cytoskeletal elements, the heterotrimeric protein complex RAVE and the glycolytic enzyme aldolase.
This involves the
phosphorylation event typically actually activated with PI3 kinase, which is also not
only activated by insulin, but also it can be activated by leptin.