Sentences with phrase «oocytes as»

Vitamin D receptors have been found on oocytes as well as immune cells.

Although the mice without Bax started out with the same number of oocytes as normal mice, their ovaries harbored about three times as many oocyte - containing follicles shortly after puberty.

Using a powerful microscope to observe mouse oocytes as they split, Ellenberg's group found that the spindles assembled into two coherent structures, one for the future egg and one for the future polar body.At first, spindles appeared throughout the cell in a sort of mesh.

In the late 1980s, Albertini's group began to focus on a group of satellite cells that surround the oocyte as it begins to grow and mature in the follicle.

Not exact matches

Indeed, the ability to clone animals, such as Dolly the sheep, by fusion of an adult cell to an enucleated oocyte demonstrates that the epigenetic programming responsible for maintaining an adult cell in a stable state can be erased by factors present in the cytoplasm of the oocyte.

Pre-pubertal girls can't yet biologically produce mature oocytes, and some sexually mature women, such as Bott, have aggressive cancers that must be treated immediately.

In a new study, Murphy, a molecular biologist at Princeton University, showed that long - lived bodily, or somatic, cells in Caenorhabditis elegans, a one - millimeter nematode commonly used as a model for aging studies in labs, activate genetic pathways completely separate from those found in long - lived egg, or oocyte, cells.

To answer this question, Murphy tracked which genes were turned on and off over time in the oocytes and somatic cells in C. elegans IGF - 1 and TGF - β mutants, as well as wild - type worms.

As with humans, he says, the oocytes of C. elegans also show an increase in chromosome abnormalities with aging.

Oocytes contain a high concentration of an oocyte - specific isoform of p63 which plays a key role as a quality control factor in causing infertility.

But like the medieval alchemists, today's cloning and stem cell biologists are working largely with processes they don't fully understand: What actually happens inside the oocyte to reprogram the nucleus is still a mystery, and scientists have a lot to learn before they can direct a cell's differentiation as smoothly as nature's program of development does every time fertilized egg gives rise to the multiple cell types that make up a live baby.

Mindful of public sensitivities, Daley opted to pursue experiments using what he considers the least controversial human materials to create new nonpresidential stem cell lines — poor quality embryos and oocytes that, in his words, «otherwise would have been disposed of as medical waste.»

In the first cell cycle after fertilization the maternal genome inherited from the oocyte (egg) and the paternal genome provided by sperm exist as separate nuclei in the zygote.

«Oocyte and embryo freezing are regarded as established,» he said, «but ovarian tissue cryopreservation is considered experimental, although it is the only option for prepubertal girls.»

First the oocyte constructs the scaffolding of connections known as microtubules, which allow molecules to move around inside the cell.

Thanks to questionable practices such as paying women for their eggs, the group was able to collect more than 2000 oocytes for its research (ScienceNOW, 12 May 2006).

The workshop is designed primarily as a «hands - on» laboratory course program in which participants practice and learn techniques for the cryopreservation of cleavage - stage embryos, spermatozoa, oocyte and ovaries, as developed and currently applied by the EMMA - INFRAFRONTIER partner repositories and by the Jackson Laboratory.

As outlined below, we used a microfluidic quantitative PCR (qPCR) system to elucidate the gene expression profiles of individual human oocytes and small numbers of cumulus cells using a combination of a large number of samples and targets [12], and then extended our studies via the use of parthenogenesis, in conjunction with gene expression profiling, as a functional assay of cytoplasmic maturation of oocyteAs outlined below, we used a microfluidic quantitative PCR (qPCR) system to elucidate the gene expression profiles of individual human oocytes and small numbers of cumulus cells using a combination of a large number of samples and targets [12], and then extended our studies via the use of parthenogenesis, in conjunction with gene expression profiling, as a functional assay of cytoplasmic maturation of oocyteas a functional assay of cytoplasmic maturation of oocytes.

Also, pESC lines, that carry isogenic genome information from the oocyte donors, can be derived and may represent a potential alternative source of stem cells for basic scientific studies as well as novel therapeutic application.

Six ovarian factors (BDNF, IGF - I, estradiol, GDNF, leptin and FGF2) were further studied based upon the expression of their receptors in oocytes and cumulus cells described above, as well as the availability of growth factor concentration information from previous animal model studies [1], [20], [21], [22], [23].

Expression of the mRNA encode for Glial cell line - Derived Neurotrophic Factor (GDNF) was detected in cumulus cells as shown previously [22] as well as oocytes in our study.

Protocols for controlled ovarian hyperstimulation and oocyte retrieval were as described previously [7].

Ms. Roxland concurrently served as the Special Advisor to the Commissioner of Health on Stem Cell Research Ethics, where she spearheaded creation of state - wide rules on embryonic stem cell protocols, human - animal chimera research, compensation of women who donate their oocytes to stem cell research, informed consent processes, re-contact for return of research results and incidental findings, and downstream uses of biological samples.

The lab of Whitehead Member Terry Orr - Weaver has conducted perhaps the most comprehensive look yet at changes in translation and protein synthesis during a developmental change, using the oocyte - to - embryo transition in Drosophila as a model system.

We derived a protocol for paracrine / autocrine supplementation for in vitro maturation of cumulus - free oocytes that includes supplementation with BDNF, IGF - I, GDNF, leptin, FGF2 and estradiol as shown in Figure 2C.

As expected, expression of the genes NLRP5, GDF9 and ZP1 was limited to oocytes, while expression of the genes CD14, FSHR and LHR, was limited to cumulus cells (Figure 1).

Approximately 20 % of oocytes routinely retrieved following hormone stimulation are classified as immature (termed germinal vesicle (GV) or metaphase I (MI) stage); these oocytes are discarded due to their reduced potential for embryo development under current culture conditions [1].

As a reminder, the lifetime supply of all oocytes of a human female is produced before puberty.

Junctional currents were assessed using the dual oocyte voltage clamp technique as described previously [49].

Individual connexin, innexin and pannexin proteins have all been shown to form gap junction channels with similar properties as assayed in paired Xenopus oocytes (for example, [4, 7, 8]-RRB-.

Oocytes were treated as previously described [49] and coinjected with 20 — 40 ng of innexin RNA mixed with 4 ng of antisense oligonucleotide directed against nucleotides -5 — 25 of endogenous Xenopus Cx38 [7].

Her research group is currently active in understanding how lifestyle factors such as obesity and ageing impact on oocytes, sperm and embryos.

Menopause in some ways begins in the womb, as our ovarian eggs, our oocytes, begin to die even before we're born.

Asked where the other dogs that are needed to produce a successful clone came from — dogs in heat from whom egg cells are harvested, and female dogs who serve as surrogates — Russell said ViaGen Pets purchases oocytes from an unnamed provider and that «ViaGen Pets uses a production partner to supply the needed surrogates.»

Thus very different personal situations can end up grouped as the same stage of IVF treatment (e.g. oocyte collection).

For example there are trends applicable to all patients such as an increase in anxiety before oocyte collection and during the waiting period following embryo transfer.