Sentences with phrase «optic nerve cell»

At this point, there is no effective treatment for TON and the mechanisms of the optic nerve cell death have been largely unclear.

Not exact matches

And like other retinal ganglion cells in the eye, the ipRGCs grow long fibers that snake out to join the optic nerve.

Anatomical investigations have shown, however, that there are many more receptor cells in the retina than there are fibers in the optic nerve.

Roughly 2 % of people over age 35 have chronic glaucoma, in which fluid builds up inside the eyeball, leading to increased pressure and eventual death of cells in the optic nerve.

«Our data clearly showed that one of the protein receptors on white blood cells called CXCR3 brings white blood cells to the optic nerve in response to production of its binding partner CXCL10 by damaged nerve tissue,» said Zhang.

When the optic nerve is injured, there are tears and swelling in the affected area that causes the nerve cells to die.

«It would seem that the ganglion cells — which «have long tails that bundle together to become the optic nerve and send messages to the brain» — would be the final section of the eye, not the first one that intercepts light.

«Our work could lead not only to a better understanding of the biology of the optic nerve, but also to a cell - based human model that could be used to discover drugs that stop or treat blinding conditions,» says study leader Donald Zack, M.D., Ph.D., the Guerrieri Family Professor of Ophthalmology at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine.

«We hope that these cells can eventually lead to new treatments for glaucoma and other forms of optic nerve disease.»

These electrodes pulse to stimulate cells in the retina, transmitting visual information along the optic nerve to the brain, creating the perception of patterns of light.

The impulse starts with excitation of the left retina, then travels down the optic nerve to cells in the midbrain and brain stem, which excite neurons near both eyes that cause the pupils to constrict.

A healthy optic nerve has axons transmitting information from the eye to the brain along the nerve after considerable information processing and synaptic transmission between various cell types within the retina.

Scientists at the Virginia Tech Carilion Research Institute (VTCRI) have revealed the pathology of cells and structures stricken by optic nerve hypoplasia, a leading cause of childhood blindness in developed nations.

Optic nerve hypoplasia is closely related to optic nerve atrophy, in which the optic nerve develops normally initially, but later degenerates as its cells die off.

NERVE PROTECTORS The glowing cells in this micrograph of a mouse's optic nerve help shield electrical signals passing between eyes and bNERVE PROTECTORS The glowing cells in this micrograph of a mouse's optic nerve help shield electrical signals passing between eyes and bnerve help shield electrical signals passing between eyes and brain.

The drops protected the animals» retinal ganglion cells and optic nerves, both of which are generally damaged by the disease.

These cells normally don't mingle with neurons from the diencephalon, which gives rise to less advanced structures such as the hypothalamus and optic nerves.

«We used a mouse model of the KPro to, first of all, identify the inflammatory factors that cause damage to the eye, and then we also quantified the amount of nerve cell death in the back of the eye that mediates the optic neuropathy, and, lastly, we looked at blocking these factors with antibodies,» said Reza Dana, M.D., M.Sc., MPH, Director of the Cornea and Refractive Surgery Service at Massachusetts Eye and Ear and the Claes H. Dohlman Professor of Ophthalmology at Harvard Medical School.

When these photoreceptors detect light, they send a signal to specialized neurons in the retina called retinal ganglion cells, or RGCs, which then transmit visual information to the brain by firing electrical pulses along the optic nerve.

Some of the cells in this layer (the photoreceptors) convert light into an electrical signal that is then amplified and processed by other cells before being sent to the brain via the optic nerve.

In 2010, they decided to collaborate to learn about zinc's impact on retinal ganglion cells, which receive visual signals and form the optic nerve that delivers information to the brain.3

They discovered that zinc is released from cells within an hour after the optic nerve is injured acutely — but they were surprised to find that it didn't come from retinal ganglion cells.

In one -, four - and 10 - week - old animals, the donor cells not only took, but actually migrated to the right place, started assuming the characteristics of retinal cells and extended into the optic nerve, which links the eye to the brain.

Millions of nerve fibers running from the ganglion cells dive through the eye's «blind spot» and form the optic nerve that carries impulses to the brain.

Methanol harms sight mainly by damaging mitochondria in cells in the eye's retina and optic nerve.

In fact, so much of the progress that we're making in laboratories, including mine, is on developing neuroprotective therapies that can protect the retina from degeneration, regenerate optic nerve fibers all the way back to their targets in the brain, and even replace damaged retinal ganglion cells with self - therapies that completely rebuild the optic nerve.

Summary: In glaucoma, permanent vision loss and blindness occur when retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) that make up the optic nerve are lost.

These nerve cells, known as retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), use electrical impulses to send visual information — entering the eye through the optic nerve — to the brain where images are perceived.

Clinical, histopathological, and molecular variables included patient age, gender, extraocular extension, tumor location (ciliary body or not), optic nerve invasion, angiotropism, neurotropism, melanoma cell type, BAP1 mutation, and monosomy 3.

(E) Retinal ganglion cell axons exit the eye as the optic nerve (white arrow), pass under the brain and out of view then reappear on the contralateral side (arrowhead).

The reprogrammed cells formed all seven classes of retinal cells normally found in the eyes, including the retinal ganglion cells, which have axons (optic nerves) that extend to the brain.

We have two neurobiologists who are studying retinal ganglion cell and optic nerve biology — and that's me and Andy Huberman — and we also have two optical imaging engineers with very different backgrounds — and that's Vivek Srinivasan and Alf Dubra.

We are using these new tools to image the structural features of individual cells, such as the cell body and the axons of the cells, which are long fibers that extend from each neuron, together forming the optic nerve that transmits visual information to the brain.

These key understandings are the first significant steps toward slowing or preventing the cell death process using targeted interventions to protect the optic nerve from glaucoma's damage.

There's no retinal ganglion cell regeneration or replacement after optic nerve injury.

GenSight's treatment is for people with damaged photoreceptor cells but intact ganglion cells; it inserts the gene into the ganglion cells, whose axons form the basis of the optic nerve.

We've devised ways to test patients using new imaging technologies to measure the health of their retinal ganglion cells and of their fibers entering the optic nerve.

The processor then sends that pattern wirelessly to a chip implanted above the retina, where 60 electrodes stimulate undamaged cells, creating signals that travel up the optic nerve.

The macula is densely packed with photoreceptor cells called rods and cones that react to light and send electrical nerve impulses to the optic nerve and into the brain.

The pattern of RGC loss in patients as well as information obtained from laboratory research all point to the fact that an important site of pathology occurs at the optic nerve head, a region where the axonal cell processes of RGCs exit the eye on their way to the visual centers of the brain.

Replacing rods and cones is challenging, because these cells have to establish connections with nerve fibers that feed signals into the optic nerve, which sends those signals to the brain to interpret.

Dr. Otteson studied how retinal ganglion cells turn on and off the genes that regulate the normal patterns of connections during optic nerve development.

In this study, we will examine whether glial cells and certain proteins secreted from these cells influence axon regeneration and guidance in the optic nerve in adult mice.

Second, they will determine which components of the EDN system are involved in both degeneration of the optic nerve and retinal cell death.

Understanding the role of glial cells in glaucoma as well as what happens to the optic nerve where the retinal nerve axons leave the eye may present new therapeutic targets and even potential biomarkers of glaucoma.

Towards this goal, we first discovered that optic nerves regenerate physically on the surface of astrocytes which are the support cells in the optic nerve.

On the surface, the disease appears relatively simple, with high pressure (intra-ocular pressure, or IOP) within the eye associated with the death of cells in the retina and optic nerve dysfunction.

Right now all therapy for glaucoma is directed at lowering eye pressure, but the idea that we could develop therapies and test them in people that really target the retinal ganglion cells and the axon fibers going into the optic nerve — that, I think, is the most exciting new frontier for the premise of restoring vision and protecting vision in glaucoma.

The retina and optic nerve have specialized cells that manage these byproducts to prevent harmful accumulation.

Some eye diseases, including glaucoma, damage the retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) that make up the optic nerve.