Re 423 Chris G — whether the effect saturates at a given
density depends on the way the temperature is distributed; if the temperature from TOA downward is isothermal for a sufficient thickness, than the effect could be saturated at TOA (if starting from a large enough
optical thickness per
unit atmospheric mass path, a change in the
density of the gas / etc that contributes
optical thickness would then have little to no effect on the flux at TOA, which is what is meant by saturation.