The researchers constructed
the optical transistor by interconnecting the silver nanowire to a flake of molybdenum disulfide (MoS2).
The search for materials that can serve in
optical transistors is complicated by additional property requirements.
With background signals washing out the intended output, necessarily computational qualities for
optical transistors, such as their on / off ratio, modulation strength and signal mixing contrast have all been extremely poor.
Not exact matches
Compared to prior investigations, which contained
optical hysteresis in cavities containing nonlinear absorptive and dispersive gain media, the operation principles as physical processes and operating mechanisms in
transistor laser electro -
optical bistabilities are considerably different.
They range from highly efficient detectors for
optical and wireless communications to
transistors operating at very high speeds.
This week, in the Journal of Applied Physics, from AIP Publishing, a research team from the University of Illinois at Urbana - Champaign present their findings regarding the
optical and electrical bistability of a single
transistor operated at room temperature.
«We put a
transistor inside of an
optical cavity, and the
optical cavity controls the photon density in the system.
In an attempt to mitigate these problems, scientists have considered the development of an
optical digital computer, and one team has gone so far as to demonstrate the
optical and electrical bistability for switching in a single
transistor.
This produces an efficient
transistor for light that can be miniaturised and used to build
optical computers.
«Light
transistor: Efficient
transistor for light could lead to
optical computers.»
In the latest study, Feng's group found that not only does photon - assisted tunneling occur in the
transistor laser, but that it in turn stimulates the photon absorption process within the laser cavity, making the
optical switching in the device even faster and allowing for ultra-high-speed signal modulation.
«Such an atomically thin device could have dual functions, serving simultaneously as
optical or electrical
transistors, and hence broaden the functionalities of the electronics used in our daily lives,» said Wang.
«
Transistor for light to transform
optical signal processing.»
Hence, Vivek Krishnamurthy from the A * STAR Data Storage Institute and co-workers in Singapore and the United States are developing a practical «photonic
transistor» for
optical interconnects that can control light signals in a similar manner to electronic
transistors.
Already used in fiber optic communications, the field of applied photonics is making steady progress in developing
optical circuits, which use nanoscale «
optical cavities» as switches or «
transistors» for controlling the flow of light.
Used especially for communications (e.g. fiber optics),
optical circuits may use tiny
optical cavities as «switches» that can block or allow the flow of light, similarly to
transistors in electronics.
«Therefore, for the first time, we have an
optical device with output that truly resembles an electronic
transistor.»
This means that what previously would have taken centimetres to achieve can now be realised on the micrometre (one millionth of a metre) scale, bringing
optical processing into the range of electrical
transistors, which currently power personal computers.
High - frequency
transistors, amplifiers,
optical modulators, capacitors, photo - detectors and other electrical components made from graphene are all being investigated.
«Research gives
optical switches the «contrast» of electronic
transistors.»
The performance of these systems is excellent: (i) the
transistors have characteristics (e.g., on and off currents, etc.) that are comparable to, or better than, those of similar devices fabricated on rigid silicon supports by using conventional photolithographic methods, and (ii) the
optical characteristics (e.g., switching time, contrast ratio, etc.) of the resulting displays are as good as those of low - resolution signs that use similar electronic inks and direct - drive dressing schemes.