St. Augustine's
view of history was ultimately
optimistic since its end term is the Kingdom
of God; but we have seen how this was adjusted to a patient and complex
view of history in which the two cities
of church and world are mingled in cultural creativity and conflict.
Between them the Christian understanding
of human being and society as created, fallen and redeemed by God was made irrelevant so that these forces
of modernity were left to be interpreted solely within the framework
of the humanism
of the Enlightenment which at best had a Deistic faith coupled with a mechanical
view of the world and a self - redemptive idea
of history making for an
optimistic doctrine
of inevitable progress.