For instance,
oral estrogen replacement is processed first through the liver.
SHBG is not a useful test, however, if a woman is taking
oral estrogen replacement therapy, because this estrogen will artificially elevate SHBG due to high estrogen levels in the liver.
Additional lowering of free testosterone levels was associated independently with
oral estrogen replacement and low body mass index.
Not exact matches
Study participants were randomly assigned to one of three treatment groups for six months: (1)
oral estradiol and progesterone at a dose similar to that in many birth control pills (16 participants); (2) transdermal estradiol, better known as the
estrogen patch, at a physiological
replacement dose with cyclic progesterone (13 athletes); or (3) no
estrogen (19 subjects).
While
oral medications are still an option, we've found topicals (gels and creams) to be the most effective for
estrogen and progesterone
replacement, and injections are best for administering consistent doses of supplemental testosterone.
Description: Many
oral contraceptives (birth control) and post-menopausal hormone
replacement therapy products contain
estrogen.
Comparison of transdermal and
oral estrogen - progestin
replacement therapy: effects on cardiovascular risk factors.
Increases in bone mineral density in response to
oral dehydroepiandrosterone
replacement in older adults appear to be mediated by serum
estrogens..
Differential effects of
oral and transdermal postmenopausal
estrogen replacement therapies on C - reactive protein.
One also sees this in women who are pregnant, on
oral contraceptive pills or
estrogen replacement therapy and in folic acid deficient individuals.
Oral estrogens, such as those taken for birth control or hormone
replacement therapy, cause an increase in thyroxine - binding globulin (TBG).
Premarin (the synthetic form of
estrogen, formulated from the urine of pregnant horses) and Provera (the synthetic form of progesterone, used for
oral contraception, which is counterintuitive as natural progesterone is required for conception) are the most commonly used elements in hormone
replacement therapy (HRT).
Oral estrogen will increase triglycerides in APOE2 individuals; trans - dermal
estrogen replacement therapy may be safer for APOE2 women.
For that same reason, women who naturally have predominantly higher levels of
estrogen, or have taken
oral contraceptives or pharmaceutical hormone
replacement for extended periods of time, also have an increased risk.