Previously discussed in a November 24, 2011 pre-print, the astronomers «surveyed a carefully chosen sample of 102
red dwarf stars in the southern skies over a six - year period» and found a «total of nine super-Earths (
planets with masses
between one and ten times that of Earth),» of which two
orbiting within the habitable zones of Gliese 581 and Gliese 667 C. By combining all the radial - velocity data of
red dwarf stars (including those without undetected
planets) and examining the fraction of confirmed
planets that was found, the astronomers were able to estimate the probable distribution of different types of
planets around red dwarfs: for example, only 12 percent of such stars within 30 light - years may have giant
planets with masses
between 100 and 1,000 times that of the Earth (ESO news release; Bonfils et al, 2011; and Delfosse et al, 2011).