On June 16, 2008, a team of astronomers announced at the 2008 Extra Solar Super-Earths Workshop in France their discovery of a «super-Earth» class planet in a tight
orbit around this star with with two other gas planets in outer orbits (ESO press release and Bouchy et al, 2009 — more details below).
On June 16, 2008, a team of astronomers announced at the 2008 Extra Solar Super-Earths Workshop in France their discovery of one «super-Earth» type planet in a tight
orbit around this star with two other gas giant planets in outer orbits (ESO press release and Bouchy et al, 2009).
Not exact matches
Oh, so in the vast known Universe, which reaches out for 15 BILLION light years in all directions,
with over 100 BILLION galaxies, containing an average of 100 BILLION
stars each,
with most of those
stars now thought to have multiple planets
orbiting around them, you can't imagine that there would be at least ONE little planet SOMEWHERE
with the right conditions for life without divine intervention?
According to the researchers» calculations, such a hypothetical planet would complete one
orbit around the Sun roughly every 17,000 years and, at its farthest point from our central
star, it would swing out more than 660 astronomical units,
with one AU being the average distance between Earth and the Sun.
Coupled
with software to reduce assorted stellar background noise, it could measure light changes down to 20 parts per million, making it more than sensitive enough to detect an Earth - size planet
around a sunlike
star in an
orbit as large as Earth's.
In neutron
star collisions, two neutron
stars orbit around each other, eventually merging to form a
star with approximately twice the mass of the individual
stars.
They also played
around with the
orbit, making it a bit more elliptical, and tried turning down the
star's brightness dial — there's some uncertainty over both these factors in observations.
As the
orbit of Mercury
around the Sun is tilted compared
with the
orbit of the Earth
around the Sun, the planet normally appears to pass above or below our nearest
star.
Then we started finding some that were misaligned — planets
with tilted
orbits or planets going
around their
star in the opposite direction from its spin, in what we call a retrograde
orbit.
With planets
orbiting M dwarfs quickly becoming the darlings in the search for life beyond our solar system, a new generation of observatories are poised to discover hundreds of worlds
around these
stars.
On the face of it, detecting a moon
around a planet
orbiting a distant
star seems like a spectacularly difficult task, but
with a bit of luck today's technology may be able to do it.
Planets
around other
stars have been found
with wildly tilted
orbits, or «obliquities».
We would expect this disc to settle
around the
star's middle, so planets in our solar system ought to
orbit in line
with the sun's equator.
Nearly every one of these exoplanets has been discovered in
orbit around a mature
star with a fully evolved planetary system.
It forms a close binary
with another massive
star within the open cluster, meaning that the two
orbit around a shared centre of mass.
Detecting planets in
orbit around very young
stars proves to be a significant observational challenge, since such
stars are monsters in comparison
with our own Sun.
In late 2008 two teams made waves
with the simultaneous announcement that they had managed to directly photograph planets in
orbit around distant
stars, also known as exoplanets.
Based on the Gemini spectra of the center of NGC 1600, most
stars inside the sphere of influence of the black hole — a region about 3,000 light - years in radius — are traveling on circular
orbits around the black hole,
with very few moving radially inward or outward.
Ghez's team focused on S2, a relatively bright
star with a short
orbit around the black hole, whereas Gillessen's group determined the
orbits of 28
stars, including S2.
Scholz's
star is actually a binary system formed by a small red dwarf,
with about 9 % of the mass of the Sun,
around which a much less bright and smaller brown dwarf
orbits.
We realized that
with the most common kind of
star in the sky, the red dwarfs, you wouldn't know if it were
orbiting around our sun.
The newly announced one, MOA -2009-BLG-266Lb, is estimated to be just over 10 times the mass of Earth and
orbits at a distance of 3.2 AU
around its parent
star with roughly half the mass of the sun.
Found via radial velocity variations, the planet's true mass could not be known
with knowing whether its
orbit around Star B is being viewed edge - on, face - on, or somewhere in between.
The failure, thus far, to find large substellar objects like brown dwarfs or a Jupiter - or Saturn - class planet in a «torch»
orbit (closer han the Mercury to Sun distance)
around 107 Piscium —
with even the highly sensitive radial - velocity technique of Geoffrey W. Marcy and R. Paul Butler — bodes well for the possibility of Earth - type terrestrial planets
around this
star (Cumming et al, 1999).
The
orbit of an Earth - like planet (
with liquid water)
around close -
orbiting Stars A and B may be centered as close as 1.06 AU — between the orbital distances of Earth and Mars in the Solar System —
with an orbital period of over 384 days (1.05 years).
As the planet whirs
around its host
star every 1.5 days, it may be evaporating
with every
orbit.
The
orbit of an Earth - like planet (
with liquid water)
around Star C would be centered
around 0.11 AU — well inside the
orbit of Mercury in the Solar System —
with an orbital period of 24.4 days.
Those remnants went into
orbit around the white dwarf — much like the rings
around Saturn, Zuckerman said — before eventually spiraling onto the
star itself, bringing
with them the building blocks for life.
The main finding is that WASP - 18b, a highly irradiated hot Jupiter in a tight
orbit around a hot F - type
star, is «wrapped in a smothering stratosphere loaded
with carbon monoxide and devoid of water».
But if approved, K2 will be looking at a much more diverse region of sky
with a wide range of astronomical and astrophysical phenomena: planets
with short
orbits around cooler
stars (which, if in their
star's habitable zone, could still harbor water); young, still - forming proto -
stars, which could provide insight into
star and planet formation; and supernovae and galaxy clusters.
The
orbit of an Earth - like planet (
with liquid water)
around this
star would be centered around 0.05 AU with an orbital period of about eight Earth days, caused it to be tidally locked with Sta
star would be centered
around 0.05 AU
with an orbital period of about eight Earth days, caused it to be tidally locked
with StarStar C.
Since a
star and its planets were never part of a single swirling gas and dust cloud spinning
around the same axis, there is no reason for hot Jupiters to have their spin axes aligned
with the
star's spin axis, or for all their
orbits to be prograde.
By providing astrometry
with a precision of the order of 10 microarcsecond and imaging
with a resolution of 4 milliarcseconds, GRAVITY will be able to monitor
stars with tighter
orbits around Sgr ~ A * (within a few hundreds gravitational radii).
Normally, it is the other way
around: a planet synchronizes its
orbit with that of its host
star.
A planet
with at least 5.7 Earth - masses has been found in
orbit around Star C of triple - star system MLO 4 at an orbital distance of only 0.05 AUs (more info and vid
Star C of triple -
star system MLO 4 at an orbital distance of only 0.05 AUs (more info and vid
star system MLO 4 at an orbital distance of only 0.05 AUs (more info and video).
Calculations by to Weigert and Holman (1997) indicated that the distance from the
star where an Earth - type planet would be «comfortable»
with liquid water is centered
around 1.25 AUs (1.2 to 1.3 AUs)-- about midway between the
orbits of the Earth and Mars in the Solar System —
with an orbital period of 1.34 years using calculations based on Hart (1979).
The best evidence for a central dark mass of a few million solar masses comes from near - infrared (NIR) studies
with ground - based 8 - m class telescopes, where the development of adaptive optics has provided the ability to track the motions of individual
stars orbiting around Sgr ~ A * over several decades.
The
orbit of an Earth - like planet (
with liquid water)
around this
star would be centered
around 1.14 AU — somewhat outside the orbital distance of Earth in the Solar System —
with an orbital period of about one and a quarter of an Earth year.
In 2005, infrared observations of
stars orbiting around the position of Sagittarius A * demonstrated the presence of a black hole
with a mass equivalent to 4,310,000 Suns.
Assuming that the spectroscopic companion B does not preclude a stable inner planetary
orbit, the distance from
Star A where an Earth - type planet would be «comfortable»
with liquid water is centered
around only 0.457 AU — between the orbital distances of Mercury and Venus in the Solar System.
Assuming an upper limit for mass of Luyten's
Star at two tenths of a Solar mass and the semi-major axis of orbit around the star, three upper limit possibilities were derived: 1.1 Jupiter - mass with an orbital period of 10 years; 0.7 Jupiter - mass with a 20 - year period; or a 0.4 Jupiter - mass with a 40 - year period or
Star at two tenths of a Solar mass and the semi-major axis of
orbit around the
star, three upper limit possibilities were derived: 1.1 Jupiter - mass with an orbital period of 10 years; 0.7 Jupiter - mass with a 20 - year period; or a 0.4 Jupiter - mass with a 40 - year period or
star, three upper limit possibilities were derived: 1.1 Jupiter - mass
with an orbital period of 10 years; 0.7 Jupiter - mass
with a 20 - year period; or a 0.4 Jupiter - mass
with a 40 - year period
orbit.
In 1996, astronomers announced the discovery of a Jupiter - like planet
around this Sun - like
star (Marcy and Butler, 1996 — details below),
with indications of an even larger planet in an outer
orbit.
Moreover, the brown dwarf companion to 15 Sge may eventually prove to have a highly circular
orbit that is coplanar
with the circumstellar disk so that planets formed in inner
orbits around the
star.
The
orbit of an Earth - like planet (
with liquid water)
around Star A may be centered as close as 1.8 AU — between the orbital distances of Mars and the Main Asteroid Belt in the Solar System —
with an orbital period of 2.2 years.
On the other hand, the discovery of a brown dwarf companion in a wide
orbit that could perturb dormant comets in an Oort Cloud
around Epsilon Indi inwards towards the
star's inner planetary regions may periodically shower an Earth - type, inner planet
with catastrophic impacts.
Epsilon Indi is an orange - red dwarf
star,
with two methane brown dwarf companions in
orbit around each other (more).
However, if the existence of a relatively close, second companion (see
Star Bc below)
around Bab —
with an orbital period of 2.2 to 2.9 years or less — is confirmed, then a planetary
orbit in
Star Ba's water zone may not be stable over the long run.
By observing the shift in the relative positions of
stars in the sky relative to Earth as the latter moves in its
orbit around the Sun, astronomers can triangulate their distance
with great accuracy.
The
orbit of an Earth - like planet (
with liquid water)
around this
star would be centered
around 0.77 AU — somewhat farther than the orbital distance of Venus in the Solar System —
with an orbital period under 273 days or more than two thirds of an Earth year.
The
orbit of an Earth - like planet (
with liquid water)
around Star A may be centered
around 1.7 AU — between the orbital distances of Mars and the Main Asteroid Belt in the Solar System —
with an orbital period
around 2.1 years.