But while Brown and Batygin have figured out the rough
orbit of Planet Nine, they don't know the planet's precise location.
The calculated
orbit of Planet Nine.
Not exact matches
While the
Planet Labs staff ate pancakes that morning in February, two shoebox - size
nine - pound pods made in the company's unconventional factory floated from the International Space Station toward a polar
orbit of Earth.
But he says three
of the four new objects do have clustered
orbits consistent with a
Planet Nine.
«We find no evidence
of the
orbit clustering needed for the
Planet Nine hypothesis in our fully independent survey,» says Cory Shankman, an astronomer at the University
of Victoria in Canada and a member
of the Outer Solar System Origins Survey (OSSOS), which since 2013 has found more than 800 objects out near Neptune using the Canada - France - Hawaii Telescope in Hawaii.
Instead, like a parent maintaining the arc
of a child on a swing with periodic pushes,
Planet Nine nudges the orbits of distant Kuiper Belt objects such that their configuration with relation to the planet is pres
Planet Nine nudges the
orbits of distant Kuiper Belt objects such that their configuration with relation to the
planet is pres
planet is preserved.
The object, which the researchers have nicknamed
Planet Nine, has a mass about 10 times that
of Earth and
orbits about 20 times farther from the sun on average than does Neptune (which
orbits the sun at an average distance
of 2.8 billion miles).
Since January, scientists have been chasing
Planet Nine: a distant hypothetical world that could have 10 times the mass
of Earth and explain the peculiarly clustered
orbits of six icy bodies beyond Neptune.
According to these scientists, it is not necessary to propose the existence
of a massive perturber (a
Planet Nine) to explain these observations, as these are compatible with a random distribution
of orbits.
Several teams are racing to spot
Planet Nine, a hypothetical giant planet in the outer reaches of the solar system, based on the way it may have shepherded six objects into clustered o
Planet Nine, a hypothetical giant
planet in the outer reaches of the solar system, based on the way it may have shepherded six objects into clustered o
planet in the outer reaches
of the solar system, based on the way it may have shepherded six objects into clustered
orbits.
Until now, studies that challenged the existence
of Planet Nine using the data available for these trans - Neptunian objects argued that there had been systematic errors linked to the orientations
of the
orbits (defined by three angles), due to the way in which the observations had been made.
Their calculations were motivated by the peculiar distribution
of the
orbits found for the trans - Neptunian objects (TNO)
of the Kuiper belt, which apparently revealed the presence
of a
Planet Nine or X in the confines
of the Solar System.
Measurements taken by MESSENGER's Mercury Atmospheric and Surface Composition Spectrometer have revealed seasonal surges
of calcium that occurred regularly over the first
nine Mercury years since MESSENGER began
orbiting the
planet in March 2011.
If confirmed, the new
planet, dubbed «Planet Nine» for the time being, would have a mass about 10 times that of Earth and orbit 20 times farther from the Sun than Neptune, on av
planet, dubbed «
Planet Nine» for the time being, would have a mass about 10 times that of Earth and orbit 20 times farther from the Sun than Neptune, on av
Planet Nine» for the time being, would have a mass about 10 times that
of Earth and
orbit 20 times farther from the Sun than Neptune, on average.
The last telltale sign
of Planet Nine's presence involves the solar system's contrarians: objects from the Kuiper Belt that
orbit in the opposite direction from everything else in the solar system.
The new exoplanet, dubbed «HIP 116454b,» is 2.5 times the diameter
of Earth and follows a close,
nine - day
orbit around its parent star, whose small size and cool temperature make the
planet too hot to support life.
Planet nine may
orbit in the depths
of the solar system, frigid and massive.
If you grew up knowing that there were
nine planets orbiting our sun and were a bit crushed when Pluto lost its status among those celestial bodies, there might be new hope for a
nine - pack, as researchers are again putting forth the idea that a giant
planet might be lurking somewhere out there on the fringes
of our Solar System.
Of the other
nine such
planets known, eight
orbit on the same plane as their stars.
The forty -
nine experts who discovered this
planet admit that they have no theoretical understanding for how such a planetary system could have evolved.10 One planetary system (having at least two
planets)
orbits a pair
of suns!
Artist's conception
of the possible
Planet Nine,
orbiting much farther from the Sun than even Pluto.
Previously discussed in a November 24, 2011 pre-print, the astronomers «surveyed a carefully chosen sample
of 102 red dwarf stars in the southern skies over a six - year period» and found a «total
of nine super-Earths (
planets with masses between one and ten times that
of Earth),»
of which two
orbiting within the habitable zones
of Gliese 581 and Gliese 667 C. By combining all the radial - velocity data
of red dwarf stars (including those without undetected
planets) and examining the fraction
of confirmed
planets that was found, the astronomers were able to estimate the probable distribution
of different types
of planets around red dwarfs: for example, only 12 percent
of such stars within 30 light - years may have giant
planets with masses between 100 and 1,000 times that
of the Earth (ESO news release; Bonfils et al, 2011; and Delfosse et al, 2011).
Why
Planet Nine has such an unusual
orbit is the next question — well after the main question,
of course: where is it?