Here we report Kepler spacecraft observations of a single Sun - like star that reveal six transiting planets, five with
orbital periods between 10 and 47 days plus a sixth one with a longer period.
The new planets have been discovered around stars between 15 and 80 light years away and they have
orbital periods between two weeks and nine years.
This phenomenon is a result of the difference in
orbital periods between Earth's orbit and Mars» orbit.
They had found a planet, dubbed β Pictoris b, with
an orbital period between 17 and 35 years.
The orbit of an Earth - like planet (with liquid water) around this tight binary (Aab) would have to be centered around 1.3 AUs — between the orbital distances of Earth and Mars in the Solar System — with
an orbital period between one and two Earth years.
Not exact matches
Their search was sensitive up to distances corresponding to about twice the
orbital periods of these so - called hot Jupiters, or about one - tenth of the distance
between Mercury and the sun.
Based on photographs taken
between 1937 and 1970, Sarah Lee Lippincott reported in 1971 that star A and B are separated by an «average» distance of 147 times the Earth - Sun distance (AU)(of a semi-major axis) in a circular orbit (e = 0.00) of about 2,600 years, in contrast to Josef Hopmann's (1890 - 1975) earlier report in 1958 of an elliptical orbit (e = 0.25) with an
orbital period of 3,000 years and an «average» distance of 157 AU (of a semi-major axis) that varies
between 118 and 196 AU.
Alternatively, the habitable zone orbits have also be calculated to lie
between 1.80 to 3.5 AUs (Jones and Sleep, 2003)--
between the
orbital distances of Mars and the Main Asteroid Belt in the Solar System — with an
orbital period of two to several Earth years.
The orbit of an Earth - like planet (with liquid water) around close - orbiting Stars A and B may be centered as close as 1.06 AU —
between the
orbital distances of Earth and Mars in the Solar System — with an
orbital period of over 384 days (1.05 years).
For an Earth - type planet around HD 189733 A to have liquid water at its surface, it would need a stable orbit centered around 0.5 AU —
between the
orbital distances of Mercury and Venus in the Solar System (with an
orbital period around 150 days assuming a stellar mass around 82 percent of Sol's.
Calculations by to Weigert and Holman (1997) indicated that the distance from the star where an Earth - type planet would be «comfortable» with liquid water is centered around 1.25 AUs (1.2 to 1.3 AUs)-- about midway
between the orbits of the Earth and Mars in the Solar System — with an
orbital period of 1.34 years using calculations based on Hart (1979).
However, later observations by other astronomers using interferometric astrometry and recent radial velocity data found no evidence to support the existence of a companion greater than 0.8 Jupiter mass with an
orbital period around Proxima Centauri of
between one and about 2.7 years (Benedict et al, 1999).
Hence, Earth - type life around flare stars may be unlikely because their planets must be located very close to dim red dwarfs to be warmed sufficiently by star light to have liquid water (
between 0.02 and 0.05 AU for Wolf 424 A and B with an
orbital period in 3 and 12 days), which makes flares even more dangerous around such stars.
Furthermore, we report the discovery of an additional non-transiting planet with a minimum mass of 19.96 +3.08 - 3.61 MEarth and an
orbital period of ~ 34 days in the gap
between Kepler - 20f (P ~ 11 days) and Kepler - 20d (P ~ 78 days).
Led by Lars A. Buchhave, from CfA, the study shows a connection
between the
orbital period of the planet and its size as it changes from a rocky planet to a gas giant.
We find that 16.5 + / - 3.6 % of main - sequence FGK stars have at least one planet
between 0.8 and 1.25 Earth radii with
orbital periods up to 85 days.
Based on its estimated bolometric luminosity, the distance from HR 4523 A where an Earth - type planet would be «comfortable» with liquid water is centered around 0.88 AU —
between the
orbital distance of Venus and Earth in the Solar System, with an
orbital period about 330 days, or about 90 percent of an Earth year.
Around dimmer Zeta1, the orbit of an Earth - like planet would be closer in around 0.9 AU —
between the
orbital distances of Venus and Earth in the Solar System — with an
orbital period of around 320 days.
The distance from Beta Comae Berenices where an Earth - type planet would be «comfortable» with liquid water may be centered around 1.2 AU —
between the
orbital distances of Earth and Mars in the Solar System with an
orbital period of 1.29 Earth Years.
Multiple planets transiting the same star reveal more:
period ratios determine stability and dynamics, mutual gravitational interactions reflect planet masses and
orbital shapes, and the fraction of transiting planets obs... ▽ More When an extrasolar planet passes in front of its star (transits), its radius can be measured from the decrease in starlight and its
orbital period from the time
between transits.
The orbit of an Earth - like planet (with liquid water) around Star A may be centered as close as 1.8 AU —
between the
orbital distances of Mars and the Main Asteroid Belt in the Solar System — with an
orbital period of 2.2 years.
Abstract: When an extrasolar planet passes in front of its star (transits), its radius can be measured from the decrease in starlight and its
orbital period from the time
between transits.
In this study, we use correct relations
between orbital and rotational
periods to show that the inner edge of the habitable zone around low mass, cool stars is not as close as the estimates from previous studies.
Finally, we investigate tentative correlations
between host - star masses and planet candidate radii,
orbital periods, and multiplicity, but caution that these results may be influenced by the small sample size and detection biases.
On the other hand, the distance from BD +04 123 where an Earth - type planet would be «comfortable» with liquid water is centered around only 0.49 AU —
between the
orbital distances of Mercury and Venus in the Solar System — where a planet probably would have an
orbital period around 137 days or more than a third of an Earth year.
The orbit of an Earth - like planet (with liquid water) around Star A may be centered around 1.7 AU —
between the
orbital distances of Mars and the Main Asteroid Belt in the Solar System — with an
orbital period around 2.1 years.
The orbit of an Earth - like planet (with liquid water) around Star B would be centered around 0.56 AU —
between the orbits of Mercury and Venus in the Solar System — with an
orbital period around 171 days.
Between 5 and 10 percent of stars surveyed have planets at least 100 times as massive as Earth with
orbital periods of a few Earth years or less.
An Earth - type planet around Star B may be centered around 0.50 AUs — which
between the
orbital distances or Mercury and Venus — with an
orbital period of about 161 days, or almost half an Earth year.
In simple terms — meaning those that this author can understand — the law states that there's a progressive ratio
between the
orbital periods of planets in a given solar system.
The orbit of an Earth - like planet (with liquid water) around HD 111232 may be centered around 0.82 AU —
between the
orbital distances of Venus and Earth — with an
orbital period of around 290 days (or 0.8 years).
The orbit of an Earth - like planet (with liquid water) around this star would be centered around 0.91 AU —
between the
orbital distances of Venus and Earth in the Solar System — with an
orbital period of nearly 342 days, close to an Earth year.
In the 1970s and 1980s, some astronomers suggested that observed flare activity or light minima in EV Lac's light curve
between flares could have been caused by an eclipsing companion with an
orbital period of around 45 years and a high
orbital eccentricity (e ~ 0.5)(G. Sh.
The authors found that consistent with previous research, changes in solar and volcanic activity, land cover, and incoming solar radiation due to the Earth's
orbital cycles were the main contributors to the cooling
between the MWP and LIA (the years 900 — 1600), and probably also caused the cooling over the full 2,000 - year
period.
Individual discrepancies have been explained, for example, through interactions
between other
orbital frequencies such as obliquity and the 413,000 - year
period of eccentricity but a unified explanation is lacking.
Modern research have further confirmed that: (1) the planetary
orbital periods can be approximately deduced from a simple system of resonant frequencies; (2) the solar system oscillates with a specific set of gravitational frequencies, and many of them (e.g. within the range
between 3 yr and 100 yr) can be approximately constructed as harmonics of a base
period of ∼ 178.38 yr; (3) solar and climate records are also characterized by planetary harmonics from the monthly to the millennia time scales.