The largest datasets exist for Earth, followed by Saturn, Jupiter and Mercury (Krupp 2015), whereas important information has also been obtained from ground - based or Earth -
orbiting telescopes as well as analytical and numerical models.
Not exact matches
If it is in the most distant part of its
orbit, the world's largest
telescopes — such
as the twin 10 - meter
telescopes at the W. M. Keck Observatory and the Subaru Telescope, all on Mauna Kea in Hawaii — will be needed to see it.
Because planets that are close to their stars are easier for
telescopes to see, most of the rocky super-Earths discovered so far have close - in
orbits — with years lasting between about two to 100 Earth days — making the worlds way too hot to host life
as we know it.
Discovery of the gamma - ray «bang» from FRB 131104, the first non-radio counterpart to any FRB, was made possible by NASA's Earth -
orbiting Swift satellite, which was observing the exact part of the sky where FRB 131104 occurred
as the burst was detected by the Parkes Observatory radio
telescope in Parkes, Australia.
Amateur astronomers, long major players in ascertaining the exact
orbits of asteroids, are likely to play less and less of a role
as professionals turn their powerful
telescopes to the objects once considered too mundane for academics to study at all.
As the spacecraft plunged through these
orbits, a radio
telescope in Argentina, run by the European Space Agency, NASA's partner on the mission, listened for tiny Doppler shifts in Cassini's signal.
To fit inside its rocket, the JWST's 6.5 - metre - high reflector, six times larger than Hubble's, is folded into 18 hexagonal pieces, which will assemble to function
as a single giant mirror once the
telescope is in
orbit.
An international observing campaign calls on large observatories in Chile and Hawaii, backyard amateur
telescopes and
orbiting instruments such
as Hubble to see what's going on in the rest of Jupiter's atmosphere.
Though the French won the race into
orbit, Kepler will have a
telescope measuring 95 centimeters (37.4 inches), 3.5 times the diameter of Corot's, with a field of view more than 10 times
as large.
For example, X-ray astronomy is nearly impossible when done from the Earth, and has reached its current important stand within astronomy only due to
orbiting satellites with X-ray
telescopes such
as the Chandra observatory or XMM - Newton observatory.
By next spring, the planet - hunting space
telescope known
as Kepler — rejected by NASA three times but then approved after those initial detections of exoplanets in the 1990s — will most likely report the discovery of the first known Earth - like planet in an Earth - like
orbit.
As improved
telescope technology finds smaller and more distant asteroids, astronomers have identified clusters of similar - looking bodies clumped in analogous
orbits.
Using data from a trio of
orbiting X-ray
telescopes, NASA's Chandra X-ray Observatory and Swift Satellite
as well
as ESA's XMM - Newton, researchers found evidence of a massive «tidal disruption event» (TDE).
Astronomers have produced a highly detailed image of the Crab Nebula, by combining data from
telescopes spanning nearly the entire breadth of the electromagnetic spectrum, from radio waves seen by the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array (VLA) to the powerful X-ray glow
as seen by the
orbiting Chandra X-ray Observatory.
The upper stages of these rockets contain small compartments that could easily hold Seager's
telescopes and drop them in the same
orbit as the rest of the rocket's payload.
RCT Consortium
telescope The Robotically Controlled
Telescope was built in 1965
as a test bed for future
orbiting space
telescopes.
At the same meeting, astronomer Thomas Beatty of Ohio State University, Columbus, announced the discovery of just such a system with the small KELT
telescope in Arizona: a brown dwarf 27 times
as massive
as Jupiter,
orbiting its hot parent star every 30 hours.
To test the concept, scientists have built two small satellites called cubesats that will practice lining up in
orbit to construct a single
telescope with a focal length
as large
as the distance between them.
More than a star map, Sky is an interface that astronomers, educators and students can use to contribute their own findings to a community of like - minded users, says Carol Christian, an astronomer with STScI, which serves
as the science operations center for the
orbiting Hubble
telescope.
Using these new parameters to time their observations, the scientists also used a satellite - based
telescope to collect light data from the planet
as it
orbited closest to its star.
An international team, using
telescopes in Hawaii and Chile, detected movement in the star — at speeds
as low
as 30 centimeters per second — caused by the gravity of the
orbiting planets.
As the sibling sun's distance decreases, the
orbits of that system's planets become misaligned, rendering it impossible for the Kepler
telescope to detect planets — which no longer cross in the front of the suns.
Maybe an intervening cloud or dense sheet of this material blocks a shifting fraction of light
as Kepler's line of sight passes through different parts of it during the
telescope's
orbit around the sun.
Through the newly invented
telescope Galileo had seen many things that couldn't be explained by the dominant cosmology of the time, rooted in the idea that all things revolved around Earth: things like moons crossing the face of Jupiter, or the changing phases of Venus
as sunlight caught it at different angles — an impossibility if Venus's
orbit encircled Earth.
Last October ESA launched a gamma - ray
telescope called Integral
as a companion to its successful X-ray
telescope XMM - Newton, already in
orbit.
Astronomers using the TRAPPIST - South
telescope at ESO's La Silla Observatory, the Very Large
Telescope (VLT) at Paranal and the NASA Spitzer Space
Telescope,
as well
as other
telescopes around the world [1], have now confirmed the existence of at least seven small planets
orbiting the cool red dwarf star TRAPPIST - 1 [2].
Ground - based
telescopes often follow up on Hubble's sightings,
as does the Chandra X-ray Observatory, along with other
orbiting telescopes.
The planet was found using the radial velocity method:
Telescopes scrutinize a star's light to see if its frequency is periodically stretched and squeezed by the Doppler effect
as the star is tugged, first away and then toward us, by an
orbiting planet.
«It's remarkable that the Kepler
telescope is now pointed in the ecliptic, the plane that Earth sweeps out
as it
orbits the Sun,» Fulton explains.
Kepler, launched in 2009, was reborn in 2014
as «K2» with a clever strategy of pointing the
telescope in the plane of the Earth's
orbit to stabilize the spacecraft.
Known
as a liquid mirror
telescope (LMT), it wouldn't view space from Earth's
orbit,
as Hubble does.
The High - Definition Space
Telescope (HDST), if built by NASA, would be five times
as large
as Hubble, the
orbiting telescope launched by NASA in 1990.
The mega-Earth was discovered by Kepler
as the space
telescope observed the dimming of the host star
as the planet
orbited in front of it, a process known
as the transit method.
The international team of researchers used data from three
orbiting X-ray
telescopes — NASA's Chandra X-ray Observatory and Swift Satellite
as well
as the European Space Agency's XMM - Newton.
The agency has suggested that it could ensure said stability by putting ATLAST into the same
orbit as the James Webb
telescope (set to
orbit 1.5 million km / 1 million miles from Earth).
The James Webb Space
Telescope — which is scheduled for launch in 2018 — can be thought of
as the «successor» to the Hubble
telescope, which went into
orbit in 1990.
A tennis - court - sized
telescope orbiting far beyond Earth's moon, Webb will detect infrared radiation and be capable of seeing in that wavelength
as well
as Hubble sees in visible light.
The
telescope's design and instruments have been altered time and again
as their designers encountered, then overcame, obstacles thrown in their paths by the harsh demands of a space
orbit at such a vast distance.
He also works
as Project Manager and co-Principal Investigator of the HiRISE high resolution
telescope that is currently
orbiting Mars and sending back detailed photographs of the Martian surface.
An international observing campaign is calling on large observatories in Chile and Hawaii,
orbiting instruments such
as Hubble, and amateurs armed with backyard
telescopes to all keep an eye out for what's going on in the rest of Jupiter's atmosphere.
Through a
telescope, one can make out the system's two stars Alpha Centauri A and its smaller, dimmer companion Alpha Centauri B. Each has a mass that is about the same
as the Earth's sun, and they
orbit one another at about the same distance that Uranus
orbits the sun.
It would require an
as - yet unplanned
telescope to get a better look at the smaller planets that
orbit close to their parent stars.
On December 16, 2009, a team of astronomers (including David Charbonneau, Zachory K. Berta, Jonathan Irwin, Christopher J. Burke, Philip Nutzman, Lars A. Buchhave, Christophe Lovis, Xavier Bonfils, David W. Latham, Stéphane Udry, Ruth A. Murray - Clay, Matthew J. Holman, Emilio E. Falco, Joshua N. Winn, Didier Queloz, Francesco Pepe, Michel Mayor, Xavier Delfosse, and Thierry Forveille) announced the discovery of a planet «b» of 6.55 ± 0.98 Earth - masses in a tight inner
orbit using the «transit method» of planetary detection using «a fleet of ground - based
telescopes no larger than those many amateur astronomers have in their backyards»
as part of the MEarth Project (CfA news release).
Building on past observations of the white dwarf called SDSSJ1043 +0855 (the dead core of a star that originally was a few times the mass of the Sun), which has been known to be gobbling up rocky material in its
orbit for almost a decade, the team used Keck Observatory's HIRES instrument fitted to the 10 - meter Keck I
telescope as well
as data from the Hubble Space
Telescope to measure and characterize the material being accreted by the star.
As the study of space and photography techniques have progressed, observatories and
orbiting telescopes have expanded the tradition of photographing astronomical objects.
The scientists used data from NASA's Kepler
telescope to measure how much starlight each of the four planets block
as they pass in front of their star, and to detect slight changes in each of the planets»
orbits.
The ideal would be using a
telescope in
orbit because scattering occurs in Earth's atmosphere from light pollution and also from natural events — even something
as simple
as a sunset.
On December 16, 2009, a team of astronomers announced the discovery of a super-Earth in an inner
orbit using the «transit method» of planetary detection using «a fleet of ground - based
telescopes no larger than those many amateur astronomers have in their backyards»
as part of the MEarth Project (CfA news release).
However, the
telescope will explore a much larger region of the sky than Kepler, with an emphasis on detecting rocky planets on Earth - like
orbits that receive a similar amount of radiation
as our own planet (the so - called habitable zone).
Kepler - 16b was the Kepler
telescope's first discovery of a planet in a «circumbinary»
orbit — circling both stars,
as opposed to just one, in a double - star system.