Sentences with phrase «orbitofrontal sulcogyral»

Increased positive emotional memory after repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation over the orbitofrontal cortex

Orbitofrontal cortex and drug use during adolescence: role of prenatal exposure to maternal smoking and BDNF genotype

Encoding predicted outcome and acquired value in orbitofrontal cortex during cue sampling depends upon input from basolateral amygdala

Long - term cognitive sequelae of antenatal maternal anxiety: Involvement of the orbitofrontal cortex

The functional neuroanatomy of the human orbitofrontal cortex: evidence from neuroimaging and neurophysiology

Amygdala - orbitofrontal structural and functional connectivity in females with anxiety disorders, with and without a history of conduct disorder.

Posterior orbitofrontal sulcogyral pattern associated with orbitofrontal cortex volume reduction and anxiety trait in panic disorder

The UF is a key white - matter tract that connects the anterior temporal lobe (including the amygdala) with the orbitofrontal cortex (Catani et al. 2013).

We also found reduced RD and MD in CD / CU + individuals in the left uncinate fasciculus, (connecting the orbitofrontal cortex and anterior temporal lobe, including the amygdala (Catani et al. 2013).

Volume reduction and altered sulco - gyral pattern of the orbitofrontal cortex in first - episode schizophrenia

Amygdala and orbitofrontal cortex anomalies, as described in the literature, could be underlying such difficulties [8].

Neural encoding in orbitofrontal cortex and basolateral amygdala during olfactory discrimination learning

We hypothesized that whole - brain and region - of - interest analyses would identify differences in cortical thickness in prefrontal (especially anterior cingulate, middle frontal gyrus and orbitofrontal cortex) brain regions in female adolescents with early onset SUD, compared to controls.

In this model, the cognitive control system including prefrontal and parietal regions and the anterior cingulate is crucial to decision - making but is functionally dominated by a second affective system that includes regions which are important to processing reward and social and emotional salience, including but not limited to the amygdala, ventral striatum, orbitofrontal cortex, medial prefrontal cortex, and the superior temporal sulcus.

[jounal] Mennes, M / 2006 / Long term cognitive sequelae of antenatal maternal anxiety: Involvement of the orbitofrontal cortex / Neuroscience & Behavioral Reviews 30: 1078 ~ 1086

A human neuroimaging study using diffusion tensor imaging revealed that the anterior insula is interconnected to regions in the temporal and occipital lobe, opercular and orbitofrontal cortex, triangular and opercular parts of the inferior frontal gyrus.

The orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) has been consistently implicated in emotion regulation (Goldin et al., 2008), and may be particularly important for regulating negative affect in response to aversive cries.

In addition, lesion, neurophysiological and neuroimaging evidence have linked the orbitofrontal and dorsomedial prefrontal cortex to stimulus - reinforcement association learning [91].

In the following sections we will review structural and functional neuroanatomical evidence derived from healthy participants as well as those with aggressive behaviour (e.g. conduct problems, CD, ODD) for the key areas implicated here (orbitofrontal and dorsomedial prefrontal cortex, insula, cingulate cortex, amygdala).

Orbitofrontal cortex tracks positive mood in mothers viewing pictures of their newborn infants

Reduced amygdala - orbitofrontal connectivity during moral judgments in youths with disruptive behavior disorders and psychopathic traits

The functional neuroanatomy of the human orbitofrontal cortex: Evidence from neuroimaging and neuropsychology

For example, the uncinate fasciculus is a white - matter tract connecting the amygdala and neighbouring anterior temporal lobe with the orbitofrontal cortex and it thus may be involved in facilitating empathy, emotion regulation and socio - cognitive processes [150].

Additionally, the work of Allen Schore and Stephen Porges, exploring human development, the orbitofrontal cortex and brainstem, respectively, will be explored.

Conduct - disordered youth exhibit a decreased dopamine response to reward and increased risk - taking behaviors related to abnormally disrupted frontal activity in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), orbitofrontal cortices (OFC), and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) that worsens over time due to dysphoria activation of brain stress systems and increases in corticotropin - releasing factor (CRF).

Finger EC, Marsh AA, Blair KS, Reid ME, Sims C, Ng P. Disrupted reinforcement signaling in the orbitofrontal cortex and caudate in youths with conduct disorder or oppositional defiant disorder and a high level of psychopathic traits.

The ability to inhibit such a response related to emotional aspects is related to the orbitofrontal region.

In addition to the aforementioned changes in executive functions, damages to the orbitofrontal region cause significant changes in inhibitory control related to emotional events.

Olfactory neuronal responses in the primate orbitofrontal cortex: Analysis in an olfactory discrimination task

Patients with damage to orbitofrontal cortex, the amygdala, or both, are often vulnerable to scams, bad business deals, and exploitative relationships, a vulnerability that may be affected by deficits in specific aspects of social cognition (45, 47).

Human orbitofrontal cortex mediates extinction learning while accessing conditioned representations of value

Neural regions expressed in human OCD include the orbitofrontal cortex, the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, the anterior cingulate circuit, the basal ganglia and the thalamus [18] and also the amygdala [19].

(Thanks medial orbitofrontal cortex.

For example, the medial orbitofrontal cortex is thought to be heavily involved with «values of potential decision outcomes and adjusting those values based on learnings and experiences of reward or punishment.»

«When tired, participants showed greater brain activity in two areas involved in olfaction — the piriform cortex and the orbitofrontal cortex — in response to food smells than they did when well rested.

On the structural side, individuals who are perceived as having an online game addiction show significant gray matter atrophy in various areas of the brain (right orbitofrontal cortex, bilateral insula, and right supplementary motor area) once examined on brain MRI studies.

While these decisions were being made, activity in 3 brain areas was measured: the area where the pros and cons are weighed in decision - making processes called the orbitofrontal cortex; the area where generosity and prosocial behavior are processed called the temporoparietal junction; and the happiness associated area called the ventral striatum.

Both orbitofrontal and hippocampal regions have been implicated in emotional regulation and response control.

In humans, the orbitofrontal cortex is active during expressions of regret, and humans with damage to the orbitofrontal cortex do not express regret.

The paper, «Essential role for orbitofrontal 5 - HT1B receptors in OCD - like behavior and SRI response in mice,» was published online September 15, 2011 by Biological Psychiatry (doi: 10.1016 / j.biopsych.2011.07.032).

A fourth study found that the orbitofrontal and the fusiform cortex are activated during the perception of axillary sweat, sampled during a sexually arousing situation [25].

In humans, scientists have identified a region called the orbitofrontal cortex that is more active in OCD subjects.

Claire Discenza - «Interactions between the hippocampus and orbitofrontal cortex in rat long - term declarative memory» (Advisor: S. Ramus)

Matthew Boersma - «Anticipatory neuronal firing in the orbitofrontal cortex in rats» (Advisor: S. Ramus)

The left precuneus demonstrated decreased FC to several regions of pain processing, reward, and higher executive functioning within the prefrontal (orbitofrontal, anterior cingulate, ventromedial prefrontal) and parietal cortices (angular gyrus, superior and inferior parietal lobules).

Moreover, the study showed that at the time when the visual stimulus was presented, patterns of fMRI activity in the orbitofrontal cortex encoded the identity of the odor that was expected.

Presumably, dopamine is released at the neuron's axon terminal in the orbitofrontal cortex where it updates the identity information.

Further analyses showed that identity expectations in the orbitofrontal cortex changed proportionally to the size of responses in the midbrain.

This is the first paper to show its role in encoding identity errors and how those are used to update expectations in the orbitofrontal cortex.

«Your midbrain responds to the error, and the orbitofrontal cortex updates the information, so you know what to expect tomorrow.»