This assumption is a zero
order approximation of reality, and allows only primitive conclusions, in terms of linear «forcings» and «feedbacks».
It is just a first + second
order approximation of the trending.
I don't mean to put down Spencer's work by pointing this out — this kind of «zero - dimensional» climate model is very commonly used by scientists as a first -
order approximation of how the system behaves, at least in situations where they aren't bothering to look at the spatial distribution of climate effects.
Not exact matches
When we get it wrong, we fix the model — to a new
order of approximation.
But he is... that kind
of process in nature which most nearly approximates this
order of supreme value and promotes further
approximation to it» (RR 175).
Such «epochal» considerations, internal to philosophy, join up with another
order of reflection, which concerns what I have called «
approximation,» «putting into proximity.»
Knowing what the «best
approximation»
of reality is would first require knowing what is real — in
order to judge the accuracy
of approximations.
Classical Laplacian determinism had assumed that an «operational» truncation (or first -
order approximation)
of initial values
of dynamical parameters were a mathematically rigorous approach for accurately predicting the future (or past) state
of physical events.
The methodology used in the preparation
of each set
of results took as its starting point the gross national income (GNI)
of the States Members
of the United Nations during the corresponding base periods as a first
approximation of the capacity to pay, and applied conversion factors, relief measures and limits to the scale in
order to arrive at the final scale.
(I would accept a rough
approximation, but I prefer more exact numbers, e.g. taking into account that Green Card holders and citizens
of US aren't included even if they were born in the seven countries named in the Execitive
order)
Rather than using
approximations in
order to simulate a chemical reaction computationally, which can be quite constraining for complicated many - body reactions, the experimental version
of optimization bypasses the need for any such
approximations.
With global increase in obesity and diet - related metabolic diseases, interest has intensified in ancestral or «Palaeolithic» diets, not least because — to a first
order of approximation — human physiology should be optimized for the nutritional profiles we have experienced during our evolution.
Quickly, the surgical resident and I put everything in some
approximation of order and assessed the findings.
Because transit measurements are relative measurements stellar spectra cancels out — in the first
order approximation: the difference
of a spectrum taken before transit and during transit will provide the transmission spectrum
of the exoplanet atmosphere.
In reality, the stellar spectrum does not cancel out in transmission spectroscopy, because the first -
order approximation described above confusingly equates two different light sources: the stellar disk (the spectrum
of which is observed before the transit) and the actual light source, which is just a very small fraction
of the stellar disk — the projection
of the transit chord onto the stellar photosphere (see figure).
After proposing the sum
of strategy types equates to 1 in
order to classify an environment
of plant species (Furze et al., 2013b), we were able to produce the generalized
approximation of the proportions
of plant strategy types present in each
of the 7 plant strategy environments (Furze, Zhu, Qiao and Hill, 2013c).
About half
of print book titles published this year are, to a first
order of approximation, categorically locked out by all major reviewers, and thus excluded from the primary avenue
of gaining public awareness.
The first
order approximation is to see how it correlates with gold and how it behaves in times
of economic uncertainty.
Though deliberately obnoxious, there is actually a fair amount
of satisfaction to be had in thwarting Calendula's multitude
of ways to prevent you from playing it, since rather than being true bugs and defects, they are merely
approximations of such and thus require ample amounts
of meta - guile in
order to be conquered.
Otherwise, an
approximation can be made by using, in place
of BTc0i and ΔBTc0, three corresponding values
of upward / downward / net fluxes per unit area, two values for frequencies ν1 and ν2 on either side
of the band near the centroids
of the areas on the graph for the band - widening effect (works unless there are temporary saturations leaving positive and negative areas, in which case more different values for different frequencies would work better) to multiply by b * BW1 and b * BW2, respectively, to find the band - widenning effect, and one value for the peak frequency ν0, to multiply by something on the
order of b * 1/2 * (BW1 + BW2) to find the band center contribution.
Ultimately, it would be nice to see followup forward modeling studies which attempt to use all potentially relevant variables, rather than the simplified model form we use (which is generally justified at treeline — but perhaps only to first
order approximation, i.e. some
of the details
of changing hydrology and solar insolatino might still matter in these environments.).
If you have a black body
of area A and some temperature distribution, then the first
order Taylor
approximation says that the amount
of radiation this black body will radiate to space is
Thus in the second
order approximation, the Earth's global temperature depends linearly on both the mean radiative forcing and the standard deviation
of radiative forcing.
It is not yet known if the application procedures
of the GCMs are in the asymptotic range
of the theoretical
order of the discrete
approximations.
I had suggested that as an
approximation that one could subtract the average increase from the earlier period which represents one expression
of temperature increase caused by natural variation from the later period where the increase is augmented by Anthropogenic CO2 in
order to get some idea
of what one might attribute to natural variation and how much to CO2.
The reference state (zeroth
order approximation) corresponds to the exact solution in the pure planar Fourier flow, which holds for arbitrary values
of the thermal gradient.
This graph uses some rough
approximations to obtain an
order of magnitude figure for the importance
of the polar ice and snow field to Earth's energy budget.
The delta between the per capita existing consumption and the efficiency improvement percentage times the average solar panel install would yield at least a first
order approximation as to what the contribution
of architectural style might be.
There isn't enough computer power to do that, so
approximations of climate sub-systems have to be made in
order to simplify the task.
Suppose to be the
approximation of learning is very significant in
order to know the effect and affect
of this case.
Roughly 1 / 3rd
of new calls in Ontario — most
of whom attend law school in Ontario — identify as being members
of a racialized group (an imperfect estimate, given the LSUC methodology, but probably a good first
order approximation)-- by way
of comparison 22 %
of Ontarians are identified by stats can as being «visible minorities».
In
order to ascertain that you receive an accurate quote on your New Mexico renters insurance policy, you should undertake a detailed and precise inventory
of all
of your possessions and an
approximation of each item's replacement value.
If you go to myFico.com or
order your score from Equifax (which is 100 percent true to the FICO model), you can get the most realistic
approximation of the score that most lenders use to make decisions.