Sentences with phrase «organic carbon aerosols»

Many of the modelling studies performed since the TAR have investigated the RF of organic carbon aerosols from both fossil fuel and biomass burning aerosols, and the combined RF of both components.

· The study found evidence to link brown carbon — a form of organic carbon aerosols — to warming.

Photo credit: DRIChakrabarty and colleagues found to their surprise that funeral pyre emissions contain sunlight - absorbing organic carbon aerosols known as brown carbon.

Spracklen, D. V., J. A. Logan, L. J. Mickley, R. J. Park, R. Yevich, A. L. Westerling, and D. A. Jaffe, 2007: Wildfires drive interannual variability of organic carbon aerosol in the western US in summer.

Wildfires drive interannual variability of organic carbon aerosol in the western US in summer

The response of biogenic secondary organic carbon aerosol production to a temperature change, however, could be considerably lower than the response of biogenic VOC emissions since aerosol yields can decrease with increasing temperature.

Historical emissions of black and organic carbon aerosol from energy - related combustion, 1850 — 2000.

However, coatings of organic carbon aerosol on hygroscopic aerosol such as sulphate may lead to suppression of the rate of water uptake during cloud activation (Xiong et al., 1998; Chuang, 2003).

Not exact matches

Carbonaceous PM is made up of black carbon, primary organic aerosol (POA) and, especially, secondary organic aerosol (SOA), which is known to contain harmful reactive oxygen species and can damage lung tissue.

Xiao used battery powered aerosol monitors to measure indoor concentrations of fine particulate matter, or particles 2.5 micrometers in diameter or smaller, which consists mainly of black carbon and organic carbon.

Such model included meteorological factors like levels of aerosols, anthropogenic and biogenic volatile organic compounds (VOCs), ozone, carbon dioxide, methane, and other items that influence global temperature — the surface albedo among them.

Forest fires in the lower latitudes, however, are actually beneficial sources of black carbon because it is coupled with organic aerosols and ends up reflecting light and heat, causing the surrounding area to cool.

The team evaluated simulated cloud fields from the multi-scale aerosol - climate model and examined how specific human - caused aerosols, such as sulfate, black carbon (soot), and organic carbon affect those clouds and, in turn, the climate.

The team injected citric, adipic, and fulvic acid into the chamber as seed aerosols, and then introduced a secondary organic aerosol from α - pinene, a carbon - containing compound derived from pine trees.

The largest portion of these submicron aerosols is organic, or carbon - containing, and is classified as two kinds: primary and secondary.

The PNNL study measured how, in the atmosphere, these aerosols interact with and mix with other volatile or semi-volatile organic compounds, the carbon - centric chemicals that evaporate from both natural and human - made sources.

Results: Today's climate models regard organic aerosols as static carbon - based molecules, but scientists at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory and the University of California, Irvine showed that the particles are very dynamic.

These have garnered more than 600 citations advancing our understanding of what the research field calls secondary organic aerosols — or SOA for short — and how the carbon - containing aerosol particles mix in the atmosphere.

The CARES field campaign was designed to increase scientific knowledge about the evolution of black carbon, primary organic aerosols (POA), and secondary organic aerosols (SOA) from both human - caused and natural (biogenic) sources.

c G: greenhouse gases; Sul: direct sulphate aerosol effect; Suli: (first) indirect sulphate effect; OzT: tropospheric ozone; OzS: stratospheric ozone; Vol: volcanism; Sol: solar; BC+OM: black carbon and organic matter.).

Biomass burning is a big source of black carbon and organic aerosols (warming), CO and VOCs (ozone precursors), also SO2 (leading to sulphate aerosols)(cooling).

The answer, of course, is that Pieter is talking about carbon particles (aerosols, often called black carbon) and the post is talking about carbon atoms in principally CO2, but also methane and organic volatile moleclues.

Importantly, RCP4.5 considers the influence of sulfur aerosols, as well as black and organic carbon.

One notable change is the assimilation of aerosol observations, including black and organic carbon, sulfate and dust.

PACific Dust EXperiment «The long range transport of dust and anthropogenic aerosols (e.g, black carbon, organics and sulfates, and air pollution from Eurasia, across the Pacific Ocean, into North America is one of the most wide spread and major pollution events on the planet.

BC FF is for black carbon from fossil fuel and biofuel, POA FF is for primary organic aerosol from fossil fuel and biofuel, BB is for biomass burning aerosols and SOA is for secondary organic aerosols.»

The brownish color of the cloud (which is visible when looking at the horizon) is due to absorption of solar radiation at short wavelengths (green, blue, and UV) by organic and black carbon aerosols as well as by NOx.

Black carbon - Operationally defined aerosol species based on measurement of light absorption and chemical reactivity and / or thermal stability; consists of soot, charcoal and / or possible light absorbing refractory organic matter.

... Aerosol species are grouped by the parameterization into three basic types: dust and metallic compounds, inorganic black carbon, and insoluble organic aerosols.

There is one aspect of climate change that is not fully established: the role of aerosol pollution (aka global dimming) from mainly from sulfates and soot (black carbon and organic carbon).

Key aerosol groups include sulfates, organic carbon, black carbon, nitrates, mineral dust, and sea salt.

However, the extent of black - carbon - induced warming is dependent on the concentration of sulphate and organic aerosols — which reflect solar radiation and cool the surface — and the origin of the black carbon3, 4.

Cointegration indicates that internal climate variability and / or the omission of some components of radiative forcing (e.g., stratospheric water vapor, black or organic carbon, nitrite aerosols, etc.) do not impart a stochastic or deterministic trend that would interfere with the interpretation of temperature changes at the subdecadal scale (SI Appendix).

FIGURE 4 - 1 Annual mean aerosol optical depth predicted by an aerosol chemical transport model due to sulfate, mineral dust, sea salt, and organic and black carbon aerosols.

In general, primary aerosol components (black carbon, hydrocarbon - like organic aerosol and biomass burning organic aerosol) dominated the local traffic and wood burning emissions whereas secondary components (oxygenated organic aerosol, nitrate, ammonium, and sulfate) dominated the PM1 chemical composition during the LRT episode.

Novakov, T., S. Menon, T.W. Kirchstetter, D. Koch, and J.E. Hansen, 2007: Reply to comment by R.L. Tanner and D.J. Eatough on «Aerosol organic carbon to black carbon ratios: Analysis of published data and implications for climate forcing».

First, we have to consider the effect of aerosols, which start off as urban haze or rural smoke and ultimately become transcontinental and transoceanic plumes o ABCs consisting of sulfate, nitrate, hundreds of organics, black carbon, soil dust, fly ash, and other aerosols.

In particular, we evaluate non-sea-salt sulfate (nss - SO4 =), ammonium (NH4 +), nitrate (NO3 --RRB-, black carbon (BC), sea - salt, dust, primary and secondary organics (POA and SOA) with a focus on the importance of secondary organic aerosols.

Topics that I work on or plan to work in the future include studies of: + missing aerosol species and sources, such as the primary oceanic aerosols and their importance on the remote marine atmosphere, the in - cloud and aerosol water aqueous formation of organic aerosols that can lead to brown carbon formation, the primary terrestrial biological particles, and the organic nitrogen + missing aerosol parameterizations, such as the effect of aerosol mixing on cloud condensation nuclei and aerosol absorption, the semi-volatility of primary organic aerosols, the importance of in - canopy processes on natural terrestrial aerosol and aerosol precursor sources, and the mineral dust iron solubility and bioavailability + the change of aerosol burden and its spatiotemporal distribution, especially with regard to its role and importance on gas - phase chemistry via photolysis rates changes and heterogeneous reactions in the atmosphere, as well as their effect on key gas - phase species like ozone + the physical and optical properties of aerosols, which affect aerosol transport, lifetime, and light scattering and absorption, with the latter being very sensitive to the vertical distribution of absorbing aerosols + aerosol - cloud interactions, which include cloud activation, the aerosol indirect effect and the impact of clouds on aerosol removal + changes on climate and feedbacks related with all these topics In order to understand the climate system as a whole, improve the aerosol representation in the GISS ModelE2 and contribute to future IPCC climate change assessments and CMIP activities, I am also interested in understanding the importance of natural and anthropogenic aerosol changes in the atmosphere on the terrestrial biosphere, the ocean and climate.

Theoretically, coatings of essentially non-absorbing components such as organic carbon or sulphate on strongly absorbing core components such as black carbon can increase the absorption of the composite aerosol (e.g., Fuller et al., 1999; Jacobson, 2001a; Stier et al., 2006a), with results backed up by laboratory studies (e.g., Schnaiter et al., 2003).

However, sulphate is invariably internally and externally mixed to varying degrees with other compounds such as biomass burning aerosol (e.g., Formenti et al., 2003), fossil fuel black carbon (e.g., Russell and Heintzenberg, 2000), organic carbon (Novakov et al., 1997; Brock et al., 2004), mineral dust (e.g., Huebert et al., 2003) and nitrate aerosol (e.g., Schaap et al., 2004).