Emissions of CH4 from most of these sources involve ecosystem processes that result from complex sequences of events beginning with primary fermentation of
organic macromolecules to acetic acid (CH3COOH), other carboxylic acids, alcohols, CO2 and hydrogen (H2), followed by secondary fermentation of the alcohols and carboxylic acids to acetate, H2 and CO2, which are finally converted to CH4 by the so - called methanogenic Archaea: CH3COOH → CH4 + CO2 and CO2 + 4H2 → CH4 + 2H2O (Conrad, 1996).
Schulze - Makuch also noted that a better indicator of life on Mars would be «the presence of DNA, some other nucleic acid or
organic macromolecules that could be a breakdown product of a nucleic acid associated with these microfeatures.»
The element nitrogen (N) is a key component of
all organic macromolecules.
The emergence of life is perhaps the single most dramatic example on this planet, yet even life also requires a material substratum of
organic macromolecules out of which this radically novel form of existence could emerge.
We anticipate some sort of growth toward increased complexity: increasingly larger
organic macromolecules, then the convergence of many macromolecules to constitute a simple living system, either as a cell with its protective wall and vital nucleus or as some functional analogue, then the convergence of many cells to form larger organisms.