Sentences with phrase «organic molecules took»

Twenty five research groups who have been developing methods for predicting crystal structures of organic molecules took part in the latest test.

Not exact matches

Taking their cue from nature, where structurally well - defined biopolymers are the norm, e.g. in DNA and genes where slight variations to the order of a small number of organic molecules gives rise to the diverse spectrum of life, they have developed a self - sorting strategy that regulates the order molecules take when forming long chain polymers.

Recently Berkeley Lab scientists used this method to calculate the absorption spectrum and confirm what several experimental results have been hinting — that the element berkelium breaks form with its heavy element peers by taking on an extra positive charge when bound to a synthetic organic molecule.

The photochemical processes taking place in Titan's atmosphere, astrobiologists believe, may provide clues of how organic molecules — and eventually living things — were generated on the primitive earth.

Known for their exceptional porosity that enables the trapping or transport of molecules, metal - organic frameworks (MOFs) take the form of a powder, which makes them difficult to format.

Photosynthesis allows them to take in the latter directly from the air, but they have to procure nitrogen through their roots in the form of organic molecules like ammonia or urea.

«Once the salt is taken care of and the distasteful organic molecules have been trapped in an activated charcoal filter,» Roach writes in the book, «urine is a restorative and surprisingly drinkable lunchtime beverage.

«Nobody has ever taken direct, single - bond - resolved images of individual molecules, right before and immediately after a complex organic reaction,» Fischer says.

Certain particle compounds may directly generate ROS in vivo because of their surface chemistry (eg, metals, organic compounds, and semiquinones) or after bioactivation by cytochrome P450 systems (eg, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon conversion to quinones).6, 290 a, 290 b A particle surface or anions present on otherwise more inert particles may disrupt iron homeostasis in the lung and thereby also generate ROS via Fenton reactions.291 Other PM constituents may do so indirectly by the upregulation of endogenous cellular sources (eg, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate [NADPH]-RRB- oxidase) 292,293 or by perturbing organelle function (eg, mitochondria) by taken - up PM components.261 Particle stimulation of irritant and afferent ANS fibers may also play a role in local and systemic oxidative stress formation.294 Given the rich antioxidant defenses in the lung fluid, secondarily generated oxidization products of endogenous molecules (eg, oxidized phospholipids, proteins) or a reduction in endogenous antioxidants per se may be responsible at least in part for the state of oxidative stress in the lungs (along with instigating the subsequent cellular responses) rather than ROS derived directly from PM and its constituents.