About 40 % of
the original study sample was lost to follow - up.
These 2516 participants represent 53.0 % of
the original study sample and 68.4 % of participants who could be contacted for Project EAT - II.
Not exact matches
The findings of the new
study are all the more remarkable after re-examining the comments made by the Duke's Rob Jackson, and critics of his
study, when the
original report was released, specifically on the
sample size and baseline data:
At baseline and at the end of each sodium intake period, the researchers conducting the
original study also took blood
samples, which were analyzed for a variety of blood markers, including uric acid.
Later, other U.S. scientists
studying nutrition tested the
original samples» vitamin D levels.
Of the criteria that involve destroying information that can be linked to a person, Robert Levine, chair of Yale University's institutional review board, believes that destruction of identifiers could have «very serious implications for the possibilities of future research,» because investigators often return to stored
samples and data many years after their
original studies to accommodate new findings or to use the
samples for new research.
«Inspired by recent demonstrations for the need for large subject -
samples and more robust analyses in psychology and neuroscience research, we re-examined the research question of the
original study.
It is also the first to analyze
samples from patients who were part of the
original study.
«These
samples were collected before I was born, and the techniques used in our
study were not yet invented when the
samples were collected; curation of the
samples for future work allowed us to identify the origins of the amino acids detected in the
samples, a question that the
original investigators were unable to resolve,» said Elsila.
When considered over the duration of the OCTO
study the inversion occurred in a high percentage (32 %) of the individuals included in the
original sample and was associated with non-survival.
Archival prostate tissue corresponding to the previously XMRV - positive VP62
sample (QQ) and derived from the same tissue block used in the
original 2006 Urisman et al.
study [1], further referred to as VP62 (2012), was also available for microarray screening.
We present here an in - depth investigation using
samples taken from both a prospective cohort of 39 new prostate cancer patients and the
original 2006 Urisman et al.
study in which XMRV was discovered [1].
Such
samples, commonly referred to as FFPE, preserve the integrity of the tissue architecture of the
original tumor, allowing the researchers to
study the spatial differences in protein expression.
A limited number of total or polyadenylated (polyA) RNA
samples (n = 21, corresponding to 14 unique
samples) from the
original 2006
study by Urisman, et al. [1], 6 previously found to be XMRV - positive and 8 XMRV - negative, were available for independent re-analysis.
To investigate whether the discovery of XMRV may have resulted from inadvertent laboratory contamination, we re-analyzed available archival RNA extracts from prostate cancer
samples taken from the
original 2006
study by Urisman, et al [1].
The
study has now expanded to include spouses and the second generation of the
original sample group.
Only a few textbooks had a sufficient
sample size in our
original study to measure their effects reliably.)
The most recent findings from the
study as reported a few weeks ago are based on the full
original sample of children as randomized to treatment and control conditions at the outset of the
study rather than the previously
studied subsample of children whose parents gave permission for follow - up testing by the evaluation team.
Unsuccessful replications most often occurred when the
sample size in the
original study was small and when randomization was not employed.
Hence you may replace the
sample details with your
original, or just take a basic idea of the Phlebotomy resume making by
studying it.
The tendency for number of ACEs to predict health - risk behaviors and / or negative health outcomes has been reported in a number of subsequent
studies as well, including those with more diverse
samples than in the
original investigation (e.g., Anderson & Blosnich, 2013; Mersky et al., 2013; Schilling, Aseltine, & Gore, 2007).
As is typical with longitudinal
studies, there was a reduction in the
sample available from the
original cohort over time.
In Felitti et al. (1998)
original study, 52 % of the respondents reported at least one ACE, demonstrating that over half of the
sample had experienced at least some childhood trauma.
The NSHAP
study design involved randomly selecting 50 % (N = 1,506) of its
original sample (N = 3,005) to receive the objective vision assessment.
RESULTS: The rates of positive screening on the overall PSC - 17 (11.6 %) and on the internalizing (10.4 %) and attention (9.1 %) subscales were comparable to rates found in the
original sample, although the rate of externalizing problems (10.2 %) was lower than in the derivation
study.
The briefer version of the PSC3 is broadly used, with > 40 published
studies.23 These
studies have shown that the PSC - 17 yields higher detection rates than pediatricians relying on clinical judgment alone24 and has risk rates comparable to those of the PSC - 35,3 semistructured interviews (Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School - Age Children — Present and Lifetime Version), 25 and longer questionnaire measures.2 The PSC - 17 was derived from the PSC - 35 through an exploratory factor analysis conducted on data collected from the 1994 to 1999 Child Behavior
Study (CBS), a nationally representative sample of > 20000 pediatric outpatients.3 In that study, the exploratory factor analysis suggested that it was possible to create a briefer version of the PSC with 17 of the original 35 i
Study (CBS), a nationally representative
sample of > 20000 pediatric outpatients.3 In that
study, the exploratory factor analysis suggested that it was possible to create a briefer version of the PSC with 17 of the original 35 i
study, the exploratory factor analysis suggested that it was possible to create a briefer version of the PSC with 17 of the
original 35 items.
The current
study provides evidence from a large national pediatric primary care
sample that the rates of risk and reliability of the PSC - 17 found in the current
sample were comparable to those reported in the
original derivation
study collected about 15 years earlier and that the previously identified factor structure fit the current data reasonably well.
The difference in positive screening rates on the attention subscale in the 2
samples was small (9.1 % current
study vs 10 %
original study, z = − 3.77; P <.001) but statistically significant.
This
study shows that in a new national
sample, the prevalence of risk, reliability, and factor structure of the PSC - 17 were comparable to those reported in the
original derivation
study, thus supporting its continued clinical and research use.
Although the current dataset collected little demographic data on individual cases, information from the practices showed a very high percentage of suburban practices in the current
sample, suggesting the possibility that the overall socioeconomic status of these subjects might be much higher than it was in the
original PSC - 17
sample.1 As noted in previous
studies with the PSC43 and other measures, 9,13,44,45 the rate of positive screening, especially for externalizing problems, is usually higher in lower — socioeconomic status populations.
More than 85 % of the cases reported in this
study's primary analytic
sample were collected after 2009 (15 years after most of the
original CBS PSC - 17 data were collected in 1995).
Although the
original Gardner et al3 PSC - 17
study did not give a breakdown of positive screening rates by gender, we present it here for the current
sample.
Table 2 shows the positive screening rates for Time 1 for all 80680 patients ages 4 through 15 in our primary analytical
sample and the positive screening rates for patients ages 4 through 15 in the
original derivation
sample.3 In contrast to the positive screening rate of 11.6 % in the current
sample, the overall PSC - 17 positive screening rate reported in the
original study was 15 % (z = − 12.61; P <.001).
Individuals who had emotional problems when screened at age 10 (119 children, 7 % of
original sample) were excluded as this
study concerned antisocial behaviour.
The scales obtained the same factor structures observed in the
original studies and the following Cronbach's alpha indicators with the Brazilian
sample: Etas Intimacy:.84, Etas Passion:.84, Etas Commitment:.87 and Relationship satisfaction:.90.
In an interesting follow - up to the
original study, these researchers went on to estimate the effect size of making the income changes that had occurred permanent in the
sample of poor families, and comparing that effect size to those that the Department of Health and Human Services estimates for the early head start program (Taylor, Dearing & McCartney, 2004).
Several
studies have supported the
original five factor structure of the SDQ in both clinical and epidemiological
samples [15, 20, 30, 32, 45 — 47], others have raised questions about the structural validity of this model.
C.M.G. conceptualized the
study as a part of her postdoctoral work, conducted the literature review, coded autonomy support in 30 % of the
sample for reliability testing, performed all statistical analyses, wrote and revised the manuscript; B.H. helped conceptualize the
study as a part of her Master's work, coded autonomy support in the entire
sample, and participated in the writing, editing and revising of the manuscript; D.M.S. participated in the conceptualization of the present
study, helped with the writing in both the
original and revised versions of the paper in her role as supervisor, supervised the data collection and conceptualized, designed and implemented the larger
study of which the present
study is only a part (the Concordia Longitudinal Risk Project); L.A.S. supervised the data collection and conceptualized, designed and implemented the larger
study of which the present
study is only a part.